我国出口结构对城乡收入差距的影响研究
发布时间：2019-06-11 00:46
【摘要】：改革开放以来,我国的对外贸易获得了持续的发展,我国的出口更是取得了辉煌的成就。从1978年的97.5亿美元增长到2011年的18983.81亿美元,增长了近195倍,成为了世界第一大出口国。我国的出口结构也发生了变化,资源密集型产品的出口比例日益下降,从开放之初的50%之多下降至2011年的5.3%。劳动密集型产品和资本技术密集型产品的出口迅速增长,特别是资本技术密集型产品的出口,从1980年的19.63亿美元增长到2011年的10165.62亿美元,超过了劳动密集型产品的出口额,成为了我国出口的主力军。同时,我国的城乡收入差距也在不断拉大,我国城镇居民人均可支配收入从1980年的477.6元增加到2011年的21809.78元,增加了21332.18元,而农村居民的人均纯收入仅增加了6785.9元,不到城镇居民增加额的三分之一。城乡收入比自2002年以来就一直处于世界公认的警戒线3以上。本文就是基于出口结构的变化和城乡收入差距不断拉大的现实背景,试着对它们之间的关系进行探讨和分析。在阐述我国出口结构和城乡收入差距现状的基础上,分析了出口结构影响城乡收入差距的机制：商品价格机制、出口贸易发展不平衡机制、技术进步机制和产业结构调整机制。在理论上,资源密集型产品和劳动密集型产品的出口可以缩减我国的城乡收入差距,但是它们的国际竞争力不够强；资本技术密集型产品的出口会拉大城乡收入差距。 在理论分析的基础上,本文通过选取1985—2011年的相关数据,运用协整关系检验和格兰杰因果关系检验方法,对我国出口结构与城乡收入差距的关系进行了实证分析,结果显示：资源密集型产品和资本技术密集型产品对城乡收入差距的影响与理论分析一致,劳动密集型产品的出口与城乡收入差距是呈非线性的倒U关系,并且它们是双向的格兰杰原因。据此,文章最后针对如何缩减城乡收入差距,从出口结构的角度提出了相关政策建议,认为我国应提升资源密集型产品的国际竞争力,加大农村地区劳动密集型产品产业的发展以及积极引导我国资本技术密集型产品产业向农村地区的梯度扩散等手段,来实现社会经济的均衡发展,改善城乡之间的收入差别。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, China's foreign trade has been continuously developed, and China's exports have made brilliant achievements. It rose nearly 195 times from $9.75 billion in 1978 to $1.898381 trillion in 2011, making it the world's largest exporter. China's export structure has also changed, and the proportion of exports of resource-intensive products has declined day by day, from 50% at the beginning of the opening up to 5.3% in 2011. Exports of labour-intensive products and capital-technology-intensive products have increased rapidly, in particular capital-technology-intensive products, from $1.963 billion in 1980 to $1.016562 trillion in 2011, Exceeding the export value of labor-intensive products, it has become the main force of China's exports. At the same time, the income gap between urban and rural areas in China is also widening. The per capita disposable income of urban residents in China increased from 477.6 yuan in 1980 to 21809.78 yuan in 2011, an increase of 21332.18 yuan. The per capita net income of rural residents increased by only 6785.9 yuan, less than 1/3 of the increase in urban residents. Urban-rural income ratio has been in the world recognized warning line 3 since 2002. Based on the realistic background of the change of export structure and the widening income gap between urban and rural areas, this paper tries to discuss and analyze the relationship between them. On the basis of expounding the present situation of export structure and urban-rural income gap in China, this paper analyzes the mechanisms of export structure affecting urban-rural income gap: commodity price mechanism, unbalanced mechanism of export trade development, mechanism of technological progress and adjustment of industrial structure. In theory, the export of resource-intensive products and labor-intensive products can reduce the income gap between urban and rural areas, but their international competitiveness is not strong enough; the export of capital-technology-intensive products will widen the income gap between urban and rural areas. On the basis of theoretical analysis, this paper makes an empirical analysis on the relationship between export structure and urban-rural income gap by selecting the relevant data from 1985 to 2011 and using the methods of co-integration test and Granger causality test. The results show that the influence of resource-intensive products and capital-technology-intensive products on the income gap between urban and rural areas is consistent with the theoretical analysis, and the export of labor-intensive products has a nonlinear inverted U relationship with the income gap between urban and rural areas. And they are two-way Granger reasons. Based on this, the paper finally puts forward some relevant policy suggestions on how to reduce the income gap between urban and rural areas from the perspective of export structure, and holds that China should enhance the international competitiveness of resource-intensive products. In order to realize the balanced development of social economy and improve the income difference between urban and rural areas, we should increase the development of labor-intensive product industry in rural areas and actively guide the gradient diffusion of capital and technology-intensive product industry to rural areas.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F124.7;F752.62
本文编号：2496867
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, China's foreign trade has been continuously developed, and China's exports have made brilliant achievements. It rose nearly 195 times from $9.75 billion in 1978 to $1.898381 trillion in 2011, making it the world's largest exporter. China's export structure has also changed, and the proportion of exports of resource-intensive products has declined day by day, from 50% at the beginning of the opening up to 5.3% in 2011. Exports of labour-intensive products and capital-technology-intensive products have increased rapidly, in particular capital-technology-intensive products, from $1.963 billion in 1980 to $1.016562 trillion in 2011, Exceeding the export value of labor-intensive products, it has become the main force of China's exports. At the same time, the income gap between urban and rural areas in China is also widening. The per capita disposable income of urban residents in China increased from 477.6 yuan in 1980 to 21809.78 yuan in 2011, an increase of 21332.18 yuan. The per capita net income of rural residents increased by only 6785.9 yuan, less than 1/3 of the increase in urban residents. Urban-rural income ratio has been in the world recognized warning line 3 since 2002. Based on the realistic background of the change of export structure and the widening income gap between urban and rural areas, this paper tries to discuss and analyze the relationship between them. On the basis of expounding the present situation of export structure and urban-rural income gap in China, this paper analyzes the mechanisms of export structure affecting urban-rural income gap: commodity price mechanism, unbalanced mechanism of export trade development, mechanism of technological progress and adjustment of industrial structure. In theory, the export of resource-intensive products and labor-intensive products can reduce the income gap between urban and rural areas, but their international competitiveness is not strong enough; the export of capital-technology-intensive products will widen the income gap between urban and rural areas. On the basis of theoretical analysis, this paper makes an empirical analysis on the relationship between export structure and urban-rural income gap by selecting the relevant data from 1985 to 2011 and using the methods of co-integration test and Granger causality test. The results show that the influence of resource-intensive products and capital-technology-intensive products on the income gap between urban and rural areas is consistent with the theoretical analysis, and the export of labor-intensive products has a nonlinear inverted U relationship with the income gap between urban and rural areas. And they are two-way Granger reasons. Based on this, the paper finally puts forward some relevant policy suggestions on how to reduce the income gap between urban and rural areas from the perspective of export structure, and holds that China should enhance the international competitiveness of resource-intensive products. In order to realize the balanced development of social economy and improve the income difference between urban and rural areas, we should increase the development of labor-intensive product industry in rural areas and actively guide the gradient diffusion of capital and technology-intensive product industry to rural areas.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F124.7;F752.62
【引证文献】
相关博士学位论文 前1条
1 袁冬梅;对外贸易对中国收入差距的影响研究[D];华中科技大学;2007年
，本文编号：2496867
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