特大城市多中心空间结构经济绩效的理论探讨与实证检验

发布时间：2019-06-15 08:27

【摘要】：随着城市化的快速推进和全球化的不断深入,为了获取集聚经济,大量要素不断流向少数特大城市,使这些城市进一步扩张。与此同时,许多特大城市政府纷纷制定多中心空间战略,但实施效果并不理想。对此,区域科学与城市经济的学者们开始关注两个问题：一是在城市区域中,经济应主要集中于其核心区域还是分散为多个中心；二是随着中心城规模不断壮大,如何调整其内部结构以减轻集聚密度过高带来的负面影响。一些理论研究开始致力于构建次中心形成的内生模型,检验城市空间结构的均衡条件。多数研究得出了方向性的结论：随着城市规模的膨胀,由拥挤派生出的不断上升的集聚成本会逐渐超过聚集经济带来的收益,最终可能促使单中心结构向多中心结构演化。然而,这些理论研究的重点在于构造城市空间的内生模型,检验城市空间结构的均衡条件,并不能直接用于经验上的检验和比较,因此其结论往往是模糊的,纯理论的,正如最佳城市规模—样,在现实中仍是个斯芬克斯之谜。故一些学者直接从实证角度入手,寻找其中的经验规律。这些实证研究通常可以分为大都市内部空间研究和都市区域研究两类,从不同尺度和视角关注多中心结构的经济绩效问题,得出的结论也不尽相同。本文即在这样的大背景下对我国31个大都市进行了城市内部结构和城市区域结构的实证检验,并从中发现了一些规律：最佳空间结构并不是固定的,而是随着研究尺度、人口规模等因素的变化而变化。在特大城市的中心城及其近郊区构成的空间范围中实施多中心结构最为有效。而在以行政区划为界线的特大城市市区域范围中,经济应适度向中心城集中,过于强调远郊区或郊县的规模则对整体城市区域不利。在更大范围下,如区域和国家,则新经济地理学派的观点认为可以有条件地形成多中心结构。实践中的多中心战略往往达不到预期效果的原因有三：一是多数理论模型是基于自由市场机制的假设,与现实存在较大出入；二是多中心结构的经济绩效依赖于一些外部因素,如职住均衡问题,如果这些问题没有得到妥善解决,多中心结构的优势可能无法发挥；三是多中心结构并非在所有尺度都是有效的,现实中的多中心战略往往未经过严格的论证。针对以上问题,政府应当充分发挥其作用,营造有利于城市空间结构健康、科学发展的政策环境,使城市整体绩效最大化。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of urbanization and the deepening of globalization, in order to obtain agglomeration economy, a large number of elements continue to flow to a small number of mega-cities, making these cities expand further. At the same time, many mega-city governments have formulated multicenter space strategy, but the implementation effect is not ideal. In this regard, scholars of regional science and urban economics began to pay attention to two issues: first, in urban areas, the economy should mainly focus on its core area or disperse into multiple centers; second, with the continuous growth of the scale of the central city, how to adjust its internal structure to reduce the negative impact of excessive agglomeration density. Some theoretical studies have begun to focus on the construction of endophytic models formed by subcenters and to test the equilibrium conditions of urban spatial structures. Most studies have come to the conclusion that with the expansion of urban scale, the rising agglomeration cost derived from congestion will gradually exceed the benefits of agglomeration economy, and may eventually promote the evolution of single-center structure to multi-center structure. However, the focus of these theoretical studies is to construct the endophytic model of urban space and test the equilibrium conditions of urban spatial structure, which can not be directly used for empirical test and comparison. Therefore, the conclusion is often fuzzy and pure theoretical. Just as the optimal urban size-sample, it is still a Sphinx mystery in reality. Therefore, some scholars directly from the empirical point of view, looking for the empirical law. These empirical studies can usually be divided into metropolitan internal spatial research and urban regional research. From different scales and perspectives, the economic performance of multicenter structure is concerned, and the conclusions are not the same. Under this background, this paper makes an empirical test of the internal structure and urban regional structure of 31 metropolitan areas in China, and finds out some laws: the optimal spatial structure is not fixed, but varies with the change of research scale, population size and other factors. The implementation of multicenter structure is the most effective in the spatial range of the central city and its suburbs of the mega-city. In the area of mega-city with administrative division as the boundary, the economy should be moderately concentrated in the central city, and too much emphasis on the scale of the suburbs or suburbs is disadvantageous to the whole urban area. On a larger scale, such as regions and countries, the new economic geography school holds that multicenter structures can be formed conditional. There are three reasons why the multicenter strategy in practice can not achieve the desired effect: first, most theoretical models are based on the assumption of free market mechanism, which is quite different from reality; second, the economic performance of multicenter structure depends on some external factors, such as the balance of occupation and housing, if these problems are not properly solved, the advantages of multicenter structure may not be brought into play; Third, the multicenter structure is not effective on all scales, and the multicenter strategy in reality is often not strictly demonstrated. In view of the above problems, the government should give full play to its role, create a policy environment conducive to the healthy and scientific development of urban spatial structure, and maximize the overall performance of the city.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F299.2;F129.9

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