政府与非政府政策可持续的发展

发布时间：2021-01-13 16:35

　　可持续发展是一个概念,它在第二次世界战争后逐渐地出现,它首先出现在有意识的梦想家的头脑里,这些梦想家的结论是地球已有成品尺寸且有限的资源,第二原因是20世纪的世界经济和人口增长也带来新的问题:自然资源枯竭,全球变暖,荒漠化,化学事故,油轮,发达国家和发展中国家的不平等加剧。这种意识逐渐蔓延在科学,经济和政治世界,最终将在20世纪80年代初联合国办事处组织了一个重要的研究对象。可持续发展是“一种发展模式,能够满足当前几代人的需求,同时不损害后代人的能力”。所有的可持续发展定义要求我们把整个世界看成一个系统,一个连接空间和连接时间的系统。当你把世界看作是一个空间上的系统,你慢慢要了解北美的空气污染会影响亚洲的空气质量,而且在阿根廷喷洒的杀虫剂可能会损害澳大利亚海岸的鱼类种群。当你把世界看作一个时间上的系统的,你开始认识到,我们的祖父母以前对于如何耕种的土地作出的决定仍能影响今天的农业实践;而且我们今天赞同的经济政策将会当我们的孩子都是成年人时,对城市贫困的影响。可持续发展的概念植根于这种思想的系统整理。它可以帮我们了解自己和我们的世界。我们面临的问题复杂的,严肃的,我们不能以创造它们同样的... 

【文章来源】：天津大学天津市 211工程院校 985工程院校 教育部直属院校

【文章页数】：175 页

【学位级别】：硕士

【文章目录】：
中文摘要
ABSTRACT
TABLE OF CONTENT
Part 1: Introduction
    1. History of sustainability
        1.1. Origin of sustainable development
        1.2. Some important dates （not exhaustive）
    2. Stakes and objectives of the sustainable development
        2.1. An exceeded way of thinking
        2.2. Three components of sustainable development （the three pillars）
        2.3. Meet the needs of the present and the future generations
Part 3 Governance of the sustainable development
    3. Governance of the sustainable development
        3.1. World governance
            3.1.1. Stockholm 1972 : Declaration of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment
            3.1.2. United Nations Conference on Environment and Development – Rio Earth Summit 1992
                3.1.2.1. Rio Declaration
            3.1.3. Johannesburg 2002
        3.2. Governance in States
            3.2.1. European strategy in support of sustainability
                3.2.1.1. Key objectives:
                3.2.1.2. Policy guiding principles:
                3.2.1.3. Making use of synergies between the EU SDS and the Lisbon Strategy for Growth and Jobs:
                3.2.1.4. Better policy-making
                3.2.1.5. Key challenges
                3.2.1.6. Cross cutting policies contributing to the knowledge society
                3.2.1.7. Financing and economic instruments
                3.2.1.8. Communication, mobilizing actors and multiplying success
                3.2.1.9. Implementation, monitoring and follow-up
            3.2.2. United States
                3.2.2.1. Definitions
                3.2.2.2. Green communities and the role of networks
                3.2.2.3. Smart Growth
                3.2.2.4. Background
                3.2.2.5. Smart Growth Principles
                3.2.2.6. Smart growth issues
            3.2.3. China climate change policy
                3.2.3.1. Foreword
                3.2.3.2. Strategies and Objectives for Addressing Climate Change
                3.2.3.3. Policies and Actions to Mitigate Climate Change
                3.2.3.4. Policies and Actions to Adapt to Climate Change
                3.2.3.5. Enhancing Public Awareness of Climate Change
                3.2.3.6. Enhancing International Cooperation on Climate Change
                3.2.3.7. Conclusion
        3.3. Governance on territories: Agenda 21
            3.3.1. Section I: Social and Economic Dimensions
                3.3.1.1. International cooperation to accelerate sustainable development in developing countries and related domestic policies
                3.3.1.2. Combating Poverty
                3.3.1.3. Changing Consumption Patterns
                3.3.1.4. Demographic Dynamics and Sustainability
                3.3.1.5. Protection and Promotion of Human Health
                3.3.1.6. Promoting Sustainable Human Settlement Development
                3.3.1.7. Integrating Environment and Development in Decision-making
            3.3.2. Section II Conservation and Management of Resources for Development
                3.3.2.1. Protection of the Atmosphere
                3.3.2.2. Integrated approach to the planning and management of land resources
                3.3.2.3. Combating deforestation
                3.3.2.4. Managing fragile ecosystems: sustainable mountain development
                3.3.2.5. Promoting sustainable agriculture and rural development
            3.3.3. Section III Strengthening the Role of the Major Groups
                3.3.3.1. Global action for women towards sustainable and equitable development
                3.3.3.2. Children and youth in sustainable development
                3.3.3.3. Recognizing and strengthening the role of indigenous people and their communities
                3.3.3.4. Strengthening the role of non-governmental organizations: partners for sustainable development
                3.3.3.5. Local authorities' initiatives in support of agenda 21
                3.3.3.6. Strengthening the role of workers and their trade unions
                3.3.3.7. Strengthening the role of business and industry
            3.3.4. Means of implementation
                3.3.4.1. Financial resources and mechanisms
                3.3.4.2. Transfer of environmentally sound technology, cooperation and capacity building
                3.3.4.3. Science for sustainable development
                3.3.4.4. Promoting Education, Public Awareness and Training
                3.3.4.5. National Mechanisms and International Cooperation for Capacity Building
                3.3.4.6. International Institutional Arrangements
                3.3.4.7. International Legal Instruments and Mechanisms
                3.3.4.8. Information for Decision-Making
Part 4 Conclusion
    4. Controversies on the sustainable development
        4.1. Is it clear what sustainable development means
        4.2. The problem of trade-offs
        4.3. The problem of Metrics
        4.4. Is there a problem with the state of the world
        4.5. Urgency, risk and opportunity
REFERENCES
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS



本文编号：2975201