围蔽的城市街道对交通噪声的影响及噪声传播规律分析

发布时间：2018-01-03 19:31

本文关键词：围蔽的城市街道对交通噪声的影响及噪声传播规律分析　出处：《安徽建筑大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在围蔽的城市街道中,交通噪声对建筑用户的影响是室外声环境研究的重点。运用有限测点准确描述围蔽街道噪声分布、建立预测围蔽街道噪声分布模型、发现交通噪声在围蔽街道的传播规律等都是通过合理规划成熟土地使用,降低噪声污染需要解决的声学问题。针对围蔽街道测点优化布置问题,实现了噪声测点布置的优化模型。该模型基于遗传算法,从大量噪声测点中搜索出测点数目最少并与原测点偏离较少的优化测点。对一特定围蔽街道运用该模型搜索最优测点布置方式,结果显示出该模型可减少噪声测点数目。将优化后测点数据与初始众多测点数据比较,优化后测点噪声声压级相比原始测点数据变动幅度满足约束条件,证明了模型运算的正确性。针对围蔽街道噪声预测问题,提出了一种新的计算模型,用于预测边界面为几何反射时交通噪声在围蔽街道的传播。该模型将交通噪声源视作多个点声源,每个点声源代表在围蔽街道道路上行驶的车辆。车型不同,由不同点声源发出噪声声压级也不相同。基于射线追踪法,该模型分别追踪每个点声源直接到达或经反射后到达某一测点的声传播途径。将来自不同点声源到达某测点的声波叠加后可得出该测点的声压级,再分别计算每一个测点的声压级。与已有模型不同,该模型未将交通噪声源视作线声源,并引入跟适合长空间声预测的射线追踪法,增加了模型计算得复杂程度,但模型计算结果更符合围蔽街道声场。针对交通在围蔽街道传播规律,给出了影响围蔽街道噪声传播的因素,包括交通噪声源、街道几何形状和建筑布局,并分析出了噪声在围蔽街道长度方向和高度方向的传播规律。通过改变单一影响因素,模拟获得了影响因素改变噪声在长度方向和高度方向传播数据。从常见拟合曲线中选取三次曲线对模拟数据进行拟合。比较了影响因素改变后拟合曲线,分析出了各个影响因素对噪声传播的量化影响。
[Abstract]:In the enclosed city streets, the influence of traffic noise on the building users is the focus of outdoor acoustic environment research. The noise distribution of enclosed streets is accurately described by finite measurement points, and a model for predicting the noise distribution of enclosed streets is established. It is found that the propagation law of traffic noise in enclosed streets and so on are acoustic problems that need to be solved through rational planning of mature land use to reduce noise pollution. The optimization model of noise measurement point arrangement is realized, which is based on genetic algorithm. The optimal measurement points with the least number of measured points and less deviation from the original ones are found out from a large number of noise-measuring points. The model is used to search for the optimal layout of measuring points for a specific enclosed street. The results show that the model can reduce the number of noise measurement points. Comparing the optimized data with the original data, the change range of the noise sound pressure level after the optimization can meet the constraint conditions. The correctness of the model operation is proved, and a new calculation model is proposed to predict the noise of enclosed streets. It is used to predict the propagation of traffic noise in enclosed streets when the boundary surface is geometrically reflected. In this model, traffic noise sources are regarded as multiple point sound sources, and each point sound source represents the vehicle driving on the enclosed street road. The noise sound pressure level from the different point sound source is also different. Based on the ray tracing method. The model tracks the sound propagation path from each point source directly or through reflection to a certain measuring point. The sound pressure level of the measuring point can be obtained by superposing the sound waves from different sound sources to a certain measuring point. Different from the existing model, the traffic noise source is not regarded as the line sound source, and the ray tracing method which is suitable for long space acoustic prediction is introduced. The computational complexity of the model is increased, but the results of the model are more consistent with the sound field of the enclosed street. In view of the law of traffic propagation in the enclosed street, the factors affecting the propagation of the noise in the enclosed street, including the traffic noise source, are given. The geometric shape and architectural layout of the street are analyzed, and the propagation law of the noise in the direction of length and height of the enclosed street is analyzed. The data of noise propagation in the direction of length and height are obtained by simulation. The cubic curve is selected from the common fitting curve to fit the simulated data. The fitting curve after the change of influencing factors is compared. The quantitative effects of various factors on noise propagation are analyzed.
【学位授予单位】：安徽建筑大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U491.91

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