桥式抓斗卸船机小车轨道断裂原因分析

发布时间：2018-01-10 07:41

本文关键词：桥式抓斗卸船机小车轨道断裂原因分析　出处：《武汉理工大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着国内进出口贸易量的快速增长,港口的数量和货物吞吐量都在不断加大,港口的岸边起重装卸机械的使用也越来越多。桥式抓斗卸船机因其对物料和船型的适应性强、作业效率高等方面的优势,而被国内外各大散货港口广泛应用。小车轨道是桥式抓斗卸船机的重要组成部件,也是保证小车正常运行的基础。随着港口作业量日益增加,小车轨道出现故障的频率越来越高,其中轨道断裂失效是危害最大的。不仅使小车行走机构在运行时发生剧烈的震动,还会造成小车行走机构的金属结构出现裂纹和电气线路出现松脱等故障,如果没有及时发现处理,将会造成重大机损和人员伤亡事故。小车轨道发生断裂失效后,如果对发生断裂的轨道采取焊接修补或直接更换的做法,不仅不能从根本上解决轨道的断裂失效问题,而且会给企业造成巨大的浪费。因此,研究桥式抓斗卸船机小车轨道断裂的原因具有重大现实意义。本文通过对某港口的2250t/h桥式抓斗卸船机小车轨道断裂原因分析,找出轨道断裂的原因,并提出预防措施,为提高小车轨道使用寿命和可靠性提供参考和依据,主要内容如下:(1)介绍断裂力学和疲劳分析的基础理论知识,为小车轨道的静力学分析及疲劳分析提供理论基础。(2)利用有限元分析软件对小车轨道进行静力学分析,并结合断裂力学的基本理论,从影响轨道静应力大小的角度分析轨道断裂的原因。(3)建立轨道表面带有微裂纹的实体模型,对其进行静力学分析,根据应力强度因子的表达式,从影响应力强度因子大小的角度分析轨道断裂的原因。(4)考虑车轮与轨道接触的弹塑性变形因素的影响,运用接触力学的知识,对其进行接触分析,并结合疲劳累积损伤理论,寻找小车轨道断裂的原因。(5)根据轨道的S-N应力疲劳寿命曲线对小车轨道进行疲劳分析,得到小车轨道的疲劳寿命以及危险区域,并分析不同支撑情况对小车轨道寿命的影响。最后,总结引起小车轨道断裂的原因,提出合理有效的预防措施,以避免类似故障再次发生,为企业提高安全生产水平提供理论依据。
[Abstract]:With the rapid growth of the domestic import and export trade volume, the port number and cargo throughput is increasing, the use of port shore lifting is also increasing. The grab bridge ship unloader because of its adaptability to the material and form the strong advantages of higher operation efficiency, and is widely used at home and abroad large bulk cargo port. The trolley track is an important part of ship unloader, is also the basis to ensure the normal operation of the car. With the increasing frequency of port operations, more and more car track failure, which track fracture failure is the most harmful. Not only make the car walking mechanism of dramatic shock at run time the car will cause metal structure of walking mechanism of cracks and electrical wiring loose fault, if not detected, will cause great damage to aircraft and personnel casualties Trolley rail failure. After welding repair or replacement if taken directly on the practice of breaking the track, not only can not fundamentally solve the problem of orbital fracture failure, and will bring huge waste to the enterprise. Therefore, is of great practical significance of bridge type grab ship unloading trolley track machine. Through fault 2250t/h port on a bridge type grab ship unloader trolley track analysis of the causes of fracture, fracture of orbit and find out the reasons, and puts forward the preventive measures, in order to improve the service life and reliability to provide reference and basis for the trolley track, the main contents are as follows: (1) introduces the basic theoretical knowledge of mechanics and fatigue fracture analysis, provide a theoretical basis for the static analysis the trolley track and fatigue analysis. (2) the static analysis of the trolley track by using finite element analysis software, combined with the basic theory of fracture mechanics, the film Sound track static stress analysis of orbital fracture size. (3) the establishment of rail surface with a physical model of micro crack, for the static analysis, according to the expression of the stress intensity factor, from the effects of stress intensity factor of the size of the angle of track breaks from the original. (4) considering the wheel and the rail contact the elastic effect of plastic deformation factors, based on the contact mechanics, contact for analysis, and combined with the fatigue cumulative damage theory, reasons for the trolley track fault. (5) according to the orbit of the S-N stress fatigue life curve of the trolley track of fatigue analysis, the fatigue life obtained the trolley rail and dangerous areas then, analysis of the influence of different support conditions on the trolley track life. Finally, summarize the reasons caused by trolley track faults, put forward the reasonable and effective preventive measures, to avoid similar problems happen again, for the enterprise The level of high safety production provides a theoretical basis.

【学位授予单位】：武汉理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U653.928.1

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