基于LabVIEW的振动压路机实时检测系统研究

发布时间：2018-01-10 19:11

本文关键词：基于LabVIEW的振动压路机实时检测系统研究　出处：《西安建筑科技大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：压路机振动压实作业是现代公路建设施工过程中一个重要的组成部分,沥青路面铺筑质量直接决定了公路的使用寿命和行车安全,而影响公路质量高低的主要因素是路面压实度的好坏。压实度是一种表征材料被压实程度的物理量,因此,准确快捷的压实度检测是保证压实作业质量的关键环节。随着科学技术的迅猛发展,路面施工机械化水平的大幅度提高和先进的装运、摊铺、压实机械的使用,路面铺筑速度不断提高,人们对道路施工机械的要求也越来越高,采用传统的压实质量检测方法往往难以满足及时指导施工的要求。传统路面压实度检测常采用灌砂法、环刀法、蜡封法,这些方法都有两大缺陷,即检测方式的滞后性和检测点的局限性。检测方式是采取路面铺筑完后再进行抽样检测,这样检测耗时比较长,不能及时的给出压实度结果;检测点只是简单的随机数据采样,这样有可能造成部分路面的漏检,不能保证全部路段的施工质量。针对传统检测技术的缺点,研究出一种连续、准确、快速的压实度检测设备,对路面压实质量进行全面实时监控具有重要的现实意义。本论文在借鉴国内外有关压实度检测方法和研究成果的基础上,完成了基于Lab VIEW的振动压路机实时检测系统的设计。首先,结合二自由度“压路机—被压材料”关系模型,分析了振动轮加速度信号与材料刚度之间的数学关系,对国内外研发压实度仪常用原理进行了重点研究,通过分析对比,最终选择相关性较好的幅值法。根据振动压路机的工作特点,结合沥青路面铺筑工艺,选择振动轮的加速度信号作为检测压实度的信号源,对此信号进行幅值分析以求出压实度,这为压实检测提供了理论依据。其次,针对本测试系统的需求,分析讨论测试中采用传感器的测量原理及传感器的选用和安装。重点从软硬件两个方面研究组建该测试系统。硬件平台的搭建包括传感器模块、信号调理模块、数据采集模块三部分,其中采用虚拟仪器测试技术采集数据;软件采用模块化的设计方法,在Lab VIEW开发环境下设计振动压路机检测系统,把系统的各个功能细分到每个子功能模块,包括初始化参数、滤波、小波消噪、数据保存、数据回放,通过对不同模块的调用来实现测试中信号采集、数据处理、数据分析及结果显示等功能。在检测算法上通过最小二乘法线性拟合,得出加速度电压值与压实度实测值的对应关系,通过算法程序最终得到压实度实际测量值。最后,通过仿真信号对所设计的振动压路机在线检测系统进行调试和验证,结果表明,此检测系统的设计是可行的,应用本系统可以很好的完成数据的采集和分析,可以满足道路施工中压实度在线检测的要求。
[Abstract]:The vibratory compaction of road roller is an important part in the construction process of modern highway construction. The quality of asphalt pavement pavement directly determines the service life and driving safety of highway. The main factor affecting highway quality is the quality of road surface compaction. Compaction is a physical quantity that indicates the degree of compaction of materials. Accurate and fast compaction testing is the key to ensure the quality of compaction. With the rapid development of science and technology, the level of mechanization of road construction has been greatly improved and advanced loading, spreading and compaction machinery have been used. With the increasing speed of pavement construction, the requirement of road construction machinery is becoming higher and higher. Traditional compaction quality testing methods are often difficult to meet the requirements of timely guidance of construction. Traditional road compaction testing methods often use sand filling method, ring knife method, wax sealing method, these methods have two major defects. That is, the hysteresis of the detection method and the limitation of the detection point. The detection method is to take the road pavement after the completion of sampling detection, so the detection time is relatively long, can not give the results of compaction in time; The detection point is only a simple random data sampling, which may cause part of the pavement to miss detection, can not guarantee the construction quality of all sections of the road. In view of the shortcomings of the traditional detection technology, a continuous and accurate research. It is of great practical significance to monitor the pavement compaction quality in real time with the rapid compaction testing equipment. This paper draws lessons from the domestic and foreign compactness testing methods and research results. The design of the real-time detection system of vibratory roller based on Lab VIEW is completed. Firstly, the relationship model of "roller press and pressed material" is combined with two degrees of freedom. The mathematical relationship between the acceleration signal of vibration wheel and the stiffness of material is analyzed, and the common principles of the compactness instrument developed at home and abroad are studied emphatically, and compared with each other. Finally, the amplitude method with good correlation is selected. According to the working characteristics of the vibratory roller and the asphalt pavement paving technology, the acceleration signal of the vibration wheel is selected as the signal source to detect the compaction degree. The amplitude of the signal is analyzed to find out the compaction degree, which provides a theoretical basis for the compaction detection. Secondly, according to the requirements of the test system. The measurement principle of sensors and the selection and installation of sensors are analyzed and discussed in this paper. The hardware platform consists of sensor module and signal conditioning module. There are three parts of data acquisition module, in which virtual instrument testing technology is used to collect data. The software adopts the modular design method, designs the vibration roller detection system under the Lab VIEW development environment, subdivides each function of the system into each sub-function module, including initialization parameter, filter. Wavelet denoising, data saving, data playback, through the call to different modules to achieve signal acquisition, data processing. In the detection algorithm, the linear fitting of the acceleration voltage value and the compactness measurement value is obtained by the least square method, and the corresponding relationship between the acceleration voltage value and the measured value of compaction degree is obtained. Finally, the actual measurement value of compaction degree is obtained by the algorithm program. Finally, the on-line testing system of the vibratory roller is debugged and verified by the simulation signal. The results show that the design of the detection system is feasible. The application of this system can well complete the data collection and analysis, can meet the road construction in the requirements of online compaction detection.
【学位授予单位】：西安建筑科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U416.2

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