风险驾驶情境下道路广告对驾驶人注意力的影响

发布时间：2018-01-17 17:12

本文关键词：风险驾驶情境下道路广告对驾驶人注意力的影响　出处：《昆明理工大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：国内外交通事故成因的统计数据表明,驾驶人注意力分散是引发道路交通事故的重要原因,而驾驶人注意力分散的主要原因是由车外人、物或者其它事件等引起的。道路广告作为一种道路环境影响因素,在视觉和认知上影响着驾驶人的注意力,从而影响行车安全。因此,研究由道路广告引起的驾驶人注意力分散,分析其对行车安全的影响,对于减少驾驶人注意力分散所引发的道路交通事故具有重要意义。本课题以不同情感类型的道路广告为切入点,基于驾驶模拟系统平台及眼动仪,研究驾驶人在风险驾驶情境下由道路广告引起的注意力分散,重点分析了驾驶人的注视时间、制动反应、速度变化和行驶轨迹变化等,得到了对驾驶安全性影响较大的情感广告类型,研究了模拟实验环境下的驾驶行为特征。具体研究内容如下：首先,结合不同领域对广告的分类和驾驶人视觉特性理论,分析了道路广告与驾驶人视觉特性之间的关系,对道路广告按照情感内容进行了分类,并阐述了眼动的形式和表征参数。其次,运用量表评价的方法确定了研究所需的三类12个静态情感广告,构建了用于实验测试的模拟风险驾驶情境；应用状态-特质焦虑问卷对受试者进行了筛选；利用驾驶模拟平台及眼动仪,对筛选出的28名受试者进行了模拟驾驶实验,采集其眼动数据和驾驶行为特征数据,并对统计数据进行科学分析。最后,运用基本的统计分析和经济学分析方法相结合的方式,对驾驶人注视时间、注视区域和操纵行为进行了分析,研究结果表明：驾驶人的注视区域在没有外界干扰的情况下主要集中在中心区域,即安全行车最相关位置；在消极情感广告影响下,驾驶人对广告的注视时间和注视次数最大,两者的均值都高于积极情感广告和中性广告；在积极情感广告影响下,驾驶人对广告的注视和扫视时间比在中性广告下长,但是比在消极情感广告下的时间短；在中性广告影响下,驾驶人很少注视道路广告,即中性广告对注意力的影响程度较小；与消极情感广告条件相比有更低的更安全平均速度、较稳定的行驶轨迹和在遇到风险情况时有更快的反应时间,更能保证行车安全。本课题主要从驾驶人注意力角度出发,分析驾驶人在风险情境中对不同道路情感广告的注视行为差异和对风险的操纵行为差异,得到了行车安全影响较大的情感广告类型,研究结果有利于改善某些高风险路段的广告设置内容,从而有效避免由于广告内容对驾驶人注意力分散引发的交通事故,从车外环境角度进一步保证驾驶人在行车过程中的安全性。
[Abstract]:Statistics on the causes of traffic accidents at home and abroad show that the driver's attention dispersion is an important cause of road traffic accidents, while the driver's attention is mainly caused by outsiders. Road advertising, as a road environmental factor, affects the attention of the driver visually and cognitively, thus affecting the safety of the vehicle. The study of road advertising caused by the driver's attention distraction, analysis of its impact on traffic safety. It is of great significance to reduce the road traffic accidents caused by the distraction of the driver. This topic is based on the driving simulation system platform and eye movement instrument based on different emotional types of road advertising as a starting point. This paper studies the distraction of the driver from road advertising in the context of risky driving, focusing on the analysis of the driver's fixation time, braking reaction, speed change and the change of driving trajectory. The affective advertising type which has a great influence on driving safety is obtained. The characteristics of driving behavior in the simulated experimental environment are studied. The specific research contents are as follows: first of all. Combined with the classification of advertisements in different fields and the theory of driver's visual characteristics, this paper analyzes the relationship between road advertisements and drivers' visual characteristics, and classifies road advertisements according to emotional content. The form and characterization parameters of eye movement are expounded. Secondly, the three kinds of 12 static emotional advertisements are determined by using the method of scale evaluation, and the simulated risk driving situation for the experimental test is constructed. State-trait anxiety questionnaire was used to screen the subjects. Using the driving simulation platform and eye movement instrument, 28 subjects were selected to carry on the simulation driving experiment, collected the eye movement data and the driving behavior characteristic data, and carried on the scientific analysis to the statistical data. By combining the basic statistical analysis with the economic analysis, this paper analyzes the fixation time, the fixation area and the manipulation behavior of the driver. The results show that the focus area of the driver is mainly in the central area, that is, the most relevant position of safe driving, without outside disturbance. Under the influence of negative affective advertising, the attention time and the number of fixation of the driver to the advertisement are the largest, both of which are higher than the positive emotional advertisement and neutral advertisement. Under the influence of positive affective advertising, the time of watching and scanning the advertisement is longer than that under the neutral advertisement, but shorter than that under the negative emotion advertisement. Under the influence of neutral advertisement, the driver seldom pays attention to the road advertisement, that is, the influence of neutral advertisement on attention is small; Compared with negative emotional advertising conditions, there is a lower average safe speed, a more stable track and a faster response time in the event of a risk. From the perspective of driver's attention, this paper analyzes the differences of watching behavior and manipulating behavior of drivers to different road emotional advertisements in the risk situation. The result of the study is helpful to improve the content of advertising in some high risk road sections. Therefore, the traffic accidents caused by the distraction of the driver's attention can be avoided effectively, and the safety of the driver in the driving process can be further ensured from the point of view of the external environment of the vehicle.
【学位授予单位】：昆明理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U491.25

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