基于电子路票的城市交通需求管理问题研究

发布时间：2018-01-23 20:43

本文关键词： 电子路票方案规模经济出行链选择行为双层规划模型公共定价电子路票价格　出处：《北京交通大学》2017年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：城市交通系统是一个复杂的巨系统,出行者是系统中的主体,其行为直接影响着系统的正常运行。交通需求管理措施的实施会直接或间接地影响到出行者的出行行为,而出行者的出行行为反过来又会影响到交通管理者的决策。因此,交通需求管理与出行者出行行为的研究,对城市的交通规划和管理有着重要的意义。本文以电子路票方案为管理手段,从数量控制和公共定价两个角度探讨了出行者的选择行为(包括模式选择行为,路径选择行为及出行链选择行为)与交通需求管理之间的相互作用过程。通过对电子路票方案的控制,引导用户的出行行为,从而实现管理者所期望的网络流量状态。本论文主要研究内容如下:(1)将基于数量控制的电子路票管理策略应用至在双模式交通系统分析中。以电子路票方案和公交投资为管理手段,建立了实现系统最优并保证电子路票方案"效率"的优化模型。给出了电子路票方案下小汽车和公交车乘客的费用,讨论了小汽车和公交车的模式平衡。探索了电子路票方案下公交系统的规模经济特性。最后通过算例分析了不同电屯子路票方案下政府分别对公交担率无要求和有要求时小汽车的分担率,公交投资和电子路票价格的变化规律及公交的规模经济特性。(2)将基于数量控制的电子路票管理策略从双模式网络扩展到多模式网络。从社会福利和消费者剩余的角度对收费和电子路票方案进行了分析。给出了三种交通模式(小汽车,公交车和自行)分别在收费,电子路票方案及无任何交通措施下的效用函数。提出了三种方案下实现社会福利最大化的优化模型。通过求解模型,得到了最优的公交票价,电子路票方案和拥堵费用。相比其它措施,拥堵收费能够获得更高的社会福利,而电子路票方案会让出行者获得更多的消费者剩余。(3)将基于数量控制的电子路票管理策略应用到出行链网络管理中。给出了出行链网络平衡的条件。建立了一个与出行链网络平衡等价的综合模型。分析了模型的凸性,等价性和唯一性条件。基于这个综合模型,提出了一个上层用电子路票方案来最大化社会福利,下层满足出行链网络平衡的双层规划模型。为了便于计算,将基于活动的出行链网络拓展成可加的扩展网络。采用模拟退火算法对模型进行了求解。最后通过算例验证了模型的有效性。(4)探讨了基于电子路票价格的交通需求管理策略。首先分析了基于数量控制的电子路票管理策略在实践中可能遇到的问题。提出了基于公共定价的电子路票管理策略。探索了基于边际费用定价的公共定价机制。从社会福利的角度论证了边际定价的合理性。基于价格的电子路票方案,分析了出行者的路径选择和市场交易行为,并通过类比收费方案,得到了系统最优时的电子路票方案。(5)将基于公共定价的电子路票管理策略应用至单中心线性城市的停车换乘设计问题中。建立了一个能确定停车换乘服务设施位置和数量的离散优化模型。分析了选择不同模式的出行者的电子路票交易行为。以兰州市交通网络作为研究背景,分析了电子路票方案,车内拥挤效应及停车换乘投资对社会费用,出行行为及停车换乘服务设施位置的影响。
[Abstract]:City traffic system is a complex giant system, the traveler is the main body in the system, its behavior affects the normal operation of the system directly. The implementation of traffic demand management measures will directly or indirectly affect the traveler "behavior, and the traveler" behavior will in turn affect the traffic management decision. Therefore, research on travel behavior and traffic demand management, plays an important role in traffic planning and management of the city. The electronic ticket scheme for road management, discusses the route choice behaviors of the travelers from two angles of quantity control and public pricing (including the mode choice, route choice and travel behavior chain selection behavior) interaction and traffic demand management. Through the control of the electronic road ticket scheme, travel guide the behavior of users, so as to realize the network traffic management desired State. The main contents of this dissertation are as follows: (1) to control the number of electronic road ticket management strategy applied to the analysis of the dual mode traffic system. Based on Electronic Road Ticket scheme and bus investment management means is established to achieve optimum system and ensure that the electronic road ticket scheme "efficiency" of the optimization model is presented. The cost of the car and bus passengers Electronic Road Ticket scheme, discusses the mode of balance of buses and cars. To explore the scale economy characteristics of the bus system of Electronic Road Ticket schemes. Finally, through the example analysis of the government of different electric Village Road Ticket scheme respectively the share rate on bus share rate requirements and required no car the scale economy characteristic changes and a bus ticket price of the investment and electronic road. (2) the number of electronic ticket management strategy based on the control of road from the dual mode network is extended to multi mode from network. Social welfare and consumer surplus are analyzed on electronic charges and road ticket was given. Three traffic modes (car, bus and bike) were in charge, the utility function of Electronic Road Ticket scheme and without any traffic measures. The optimization model to realize the maximization of social welfare, puts forward three kinds of solutions by solving the model, the optimal bus fare, electronic road ticket scheme and congestion cost. Compared with other measures, congestion pricing can get higher social welfare, while the electronic road ticket scheme will let travelers get more consumer surplus. (3) the electronic road ticket management strategy based on the number of applications to control trip chain network management. Given the trip chain network equilibrium conditions. Established a comprehensive model and trip chain network equilibrium equivalent. Analysis of the convex model, the equivalence and uniqueness based on conditions. This integrated model, proposed an upper electronic road ticket scheme to maximize the social welfare, the lower meet the bi level programming model of trip chain network equilibrium. In order to facilitate the calculation, will expand the trip chain network activity can be added into extended network. Based on the simulated annealing algorithm to solve the model. Finally, through an example to verify the validity of the model. (4) discusses the transportation demand management strategy based on electronic road ticket price is analyzed. The ticket management strategy of electronic road may control the number of problems encountered in practice. Based on the proposed management strategy of electronic ticket pricing based on the public road. To explore the public pricing mechanism of marginal cost pricing from the perspective of social welfare. Based on the rationality of marginal pricing scheme. The electronic road ticket price based, analysis of the traveler's route choice and market behavior, and by analogy Charging scheme, electronic ticket system is the optimal path is obtained. (5) based on the design of public parking transfer pricing electronic road ticket management strategy is applied to the single center city. The linear established a deterministic discrete optimization model of the park and ride service facilities location and quantity. To analyze the choice of travelers the electronic ticket transaction mode. The different road in Lanzhou city traffic network as the research background, analysis of the electronic road ticket scheme, car crowding and parking transfer investment on social cost, influence travel behavior and parking transfer service facilities location.

【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U491

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