基于路网利用率的城市道路交通网络供需研究

发布时间：2018-01-29 10:27

本文关键词： 交通供需中观层面交通流分配路网利用率　出处：《北京交通大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：新型城镇化建设加速了城市的快速发展,活跃了居民的出行需求,这使得城市路网面临的压力日益突出。城市交通问题尤其是交通拥堵越来越成为城市发展瓶颈,影响着城市良性发展,而交通供需关系的变化是导致城市交通问题的本质原因。交通供需关系包括宏观、中观和微观三个层面,宏观层面主要注重城市土地利用布局和强度所产生的交通需求与城市交通供给结构和规模之间的匹配;中观层面关心在宏观总量和结构既定情况下优化交通供给进而引导交通需求分布更加合理;微观层面研究节点和连线交通流组织与控制,达到既定的交通供给利用最大化。为了克服传统交通流分配模型只能求解路段整体流量,不能有效刻画其流量来源和路径归属,无法获知流量在路网的具体分布问题,本文以路网为研究对象,借助不同的均衡分配方法,从中观利用率的角度,基于路段分配交通量特性与路网空间分布特性,在以下几方面进行了研究与探讨:首先,考虑在土地布局结构和路网结构既定的情况下,分析路段流量组成的多样性,引入路段利用率、路径利用率的概念;基于路段流量-路径流量的平衡关系,构建交通分配下的流量来源明细,反映流量组成;提出在众多可能的路径中排除不合理路径获得契合出行行为的有效路径的方法,分析不同均衡分配方法对应的各自流量分配特征。其次,以路网作为研究对象,划分交通供需协调分布层次,论证利用率提出必要性,基于不同均衡分配方法分配交通量,从结构性和关联性方面基于出行行为特征和路网空间分布特征研究路网路段、路径、区域的利用率评价方法,分析路网利用率的特征表现。最后,从利用率的角度,分析不同均衡分配方法的路网适用性,针对路网利用率表现考虑交通供给和需求引导措施下的交通量重分布,借助利用率评价方法从路段、路径、区域方面分析交通供需结构变化引起的路网特征差异,为改善交通问题提供理论支持。
[Abstract]:The construction of new urbanization accelerates the rapid development of the city and activates the travel demand of the residents. This makes the pressure of urban road network increasingly prominent. Urban traffic problems, especially traffic congestion, increasingly become the bottleneck of urban development, affecting the benign development of the city. The change of traffic supply and demand relationship is the essential cause of urban traffic problems. Traffic supply and demand relationship includes three levels: macro, meso and micro. The macroscopic level mainly pays attention to the matching between the traffic demand caused by the layout and intensity of urban land use and the structure and scale of urban traffic supply. The meso-level is concerned about optimizing traffic supply and guiding the distribution of traffic demand more reasonably under the condition of macro total quantity and structure. In order to overcome the traditional traffic flow allocation model, the traffic flow organization and control of nodes and connections are studied at the micro level to maximize the utilization of traffic supply. Can not effectively describe the flow source and path ownership, can not know the specific distribution of the flow in the road network, this paper takes the road network as the research object, with the help of different balanced distribution methods, from the perspective of the mesoscopic utilization ratio. Based on the traffic flow characteristics of road sections and the spatial distribution of road network, the following aspects are studied and discussed: firstly, considering the land layout structure and road network structure. Analyzing the diversity of traffic flow composition, introducing the concepts of road section utilization ratio and path utilization ratio; Based on the equilibrium relationship between road flow and path flow, the detailed flow source under traffic allocation is constructed to reflect the flow composition. This paper proposes a method of eliminating unreasonable paths from many possible paths to obtain effective paths that fit in with travel behavior, and analyzes the respective flow distribution characteristics corresponding to different equilibrium allocation methods. Secondly, the road network is taken as the research object. It divides the traffic supply and demand coordination distribution level, demonstrates the necessity of the utilization ratio, and allocates the traffic volume based on different equilibrium distribution methods. Based on the characteristics of travel behavior and spatial distribution of road network, this paper studies the evaluation method of road link, path and region utilization ratio from the aspect of structure and relevance. Finally, it analyzes the characteristic performance of road network utilization ratio. From the point of view of utilization ratio, this paper analyzes the applicability of different equilibrium distribution methods, considers the traffic volume redistribution under traffic supply and demand-guided measures in view of the road network utilization performance, and uses the method of utilization evaluation to analyze the road sections. Path, regional analysis of traffic supply and demand structure changes caused by the difference in road network characteristics, to provide theoretical support for improving traffic problems.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U491

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