基于驾驶人行为特性的停车位规划方法研究

发布时间：2018-02-04 03:26

本文关键词： 停车行为停车心理停车生理停车位规划 ROC曲线　出处：《合肥工业大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近年来,停车或倒车过程中的操作不当和停车事故发生频繁,尽管与驾驶人技术水平和经验有较大关系,但狭小的停车位空间及驾驶人有限的视野范围也导致了停车困难。为研究驾驶人在不同停车位布置下的停车行为差异及其影响因素,缓解驾驶人停车过程中的心理压力,减少不必要的停车操作失误,提高驾驶人的停车效率,论文在驾驶人停车行为特性基础上进行了停车位规划研究,主要通过问卷调查和停车实车实验方法,并应用相关回归方法,开展了以下工作:(1)驾驶人停车行为特性分析通过停车行为问卷调查了驾驶人停车行为心理和反应,分析了性别差异,总结了驾驶人停车行为特性,并在此基础上通过实车实验采集了30名被试驾驶人在不同停车位布置和不同停车方式下的生理、眼动和停车轨迹数据,详细比较了不同车位布置下驾驶人停车行为差异以及停车参照物对停车行为的影响。数据分析结果表明驾驶人基本信息变量对停车行为的影响较小。平行停车中,车位长度显著影响着驾驶人的心率变异性、注视时间、停车速度和调整次数,通道宽度显著影响着注视时间和停车速度;垂直停车中,车位宽度显著影响着驾驶人的心率变异性、注视时间、停车速度和调整次数,同样通道宽度也显著影响着驾驶人心率变异性、注视时间、停车速度和调整次数;斜列式停车中,通道宽度显著影响着注视时间、停车速度和调整次数。同时45°相比60°车位,停车速度显著增大,注视时间显著变小。停车参照物存在可以降低驾驶人停车的难度,减轻紧张程度,同时停车效率也有显著提高。(2)停车位尺寸规划在驾驶人停车行为特性和差异性分析结果的基础上,以停车行为参数和停车位尺寸建立了ROC曲线,进一步筛选出停车位尺寸和通道宽度的临界阈值,最后对比现有规范标准给出停车位布置方面的规划建议。停车位规划的ROC判别模型筛选出了显著影响驾驶人停车行为的停车位参数,最后比较结果得出,平行车位长度建议规划为6.125m,通道宽度建议规划为3.4m;垂直车位宽度建议规划为2.425m,通道宽度建议规划为5.375m;斜列式车位通道宽度建议规划为4.125m,同时也确定了45°车位比60°车位的更合理。
[Abstract]:In recent years, improper operation and frequent parking accidents occur in the process of stopping or reversing, although it is related to the technical level and experience of the driver. But the narrow parking space and the limited scope of vision of the driver also lead to parking difficulties. In order to study the parking behavior of drivers in different parking spaces and its influencing factors. To alleviate the psychological pressure in the process of parking, reduce unnecessary parking errors, improve the parking efficiency of the driver, this paper studies parking space planning based on the characteristics of the parking behavior of the driver. Mainly through the questionnaire survey and parking real vehicle experimental methods, and the application of the relevant regression method. The following work is carried out: (1) Analysis of parking behavior characteristics of drivers; questionnaire survey of parking behavior; analysis of gender differences; conclusion of parking behavior characteristics of drivers. On this basis, the physiological, eye movement and parking track data of 30 test drivers under different parking arrangements and different parking modes were collected through a real vehicle experiment. The difference of parking behavior under different parking spaces and the influence of parking reference on parking behavior are compared in detail. The results of data analysis show that the basic information variables of the driver have little effect on parking behavior. . The length of parking space significantly affected the heart rate variability, fixation time, parking speed and adjustment times, and the width of the passage significantly affected the fixation time and stop speed. In vertical parking, the width of parking space significantly affects the heart rate variability, fixation time, parking speed and adjustment times of the driver. The same channel width also significantly affects the heart rate variability and fixation time of the driver. Parking speed and times of adjustment; In oblique parking, the width of the passage significantly affects the fixation time, the parking speed and the number of adjustments. At the same time, 45 掳compared with 60 掳parking speed significantly increased. The parking reference can reduce the difficulty of parking and reduce the tension. At the same time parking efficiency also significantly improved. 2) parking space size planning based on the characteristics of parking behavior and difference analysis results, parking behavior parameters and parking space size based on the establishment of ROC curve. Further screen out the critical threshold of parking space size and channel width. The ROC discriminant model of parking space planning is used to screen out the parking parameters which have significant influence on the parking behavior of the driver. Finally, the comparison results are obtained. The suggested length of parallel parking space is 6.125 m and the width of passage is 3.4 m. The suggested planning of vertical parking space width is 2.425 m, and that of passage width is 5.375 m; The proposed channel width of oblique parking space is 4.125 m, and the 45 掳parking space is more reasonable than 60 掳parking space.
【学位授予单位】：合肥工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U491.7

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