基于自组织理论的城市路网承载力研究

发布时间：2018-02-13 02:40

本文关键词： 路网承载力自组织理论耗散结构理论交通拥堵判断指标 VISSIM　出处：《北京交通大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着机动车保有量的增加,城市交通拥堵逐渐发展成为制约现代化城市发展的主要问题。当城市道路中的车辆增加到一定的数量,会表现出自组织临界性,此时微小的扰动都可能引起路网大面积拥堵的发生。通过对路网承载力的研究,在路网达到自组织临界状态前采取适当的管控措施打破这种状态,可以在一定程度上避免路网拥堵的发生。但是城市道路结构复杂,影响因素众多,加之成熟的路网承载力研究理论和方法相对较少,为路网承载力研究带来一定的困难。针对以上问题,本文结合城市道路交通运行特点,利用自组织理论提出一种研究路网承载力的新方法,主要研究内容如下： (1)根据路网中道路的不同属性,借鉴国内外判断交通拥堵的方法,结合北京市城市道路路段的实际调查情况,分别给出了快速路和城市道路路段交通相的划分标准,在此基础上,结合城市快速路和城市道路路段车道长度的比例,给出了路网交通状态的划分标准,以此作为交通拥堵的判断标准,然后依据交通状态的判断标准给出了路网承载力的定义和数学表征。 (2)根据城市路网的特点,结合道路等级和路网布局、交通管控等影响因素,构建了城市快速路和城市道路路段的承载力耗散结构模型。在此基础上,考虑路网中各路段之间的相互关系,构建了路网耗散结构模型,用以模拟城市路网中车辆的运行、判断路网的拥堵状态以及求解路网承载力。 (3)利用路网耗散结构模型进行路网承载力的测算研究,通过VISSIM仿真软件进行实验路网仿真,通过对比两种模型得到的结果,验证了路网耗散结构模型研究路网承载力的可用性。 (4)改变影响路网承载力的输入交通量和道路结构等因素的参数,利用VISSIM进行路网仿真,并将仿真结果与参数变化前的结果进行对比,以期为交通管理部门采取措施提高路网承载力提供参考。
[Abstract]:With the increase of the quantity of the motor vehicle , the urban traffic jam gradually becomes the main problem which restricts the development of the modern city . When the vehicle in the urban road is increased to a certain quantity , it can cause the large - area congestion of the road network . In view of the above problems , the research on the bearing capacity of the road network can be avoided . In view of the above problems , this paper puts forward a new method for studying the bearing capacity of the road network in combination with the characteristics of urban road traffic operation . ( 1 ) According to different attributes of the road in the road network , and using the method of judging traffic congestion at home and abroad , combining with the actual investigation of urban road sections in Beijing , this paper gives the criterion of the traffic state of the road network based on the proportion of the length of the traffic lane of the urban expressway and the urban road section , and gives the definition and mathematical representation of the road network bearing capacity according to the traffic state judging standard . ( 2 ) Based on the characteristics of urban road network , combining the influence factors such as road grade and road network layout , traffic control and so on , the paper constructs a model of capacity dissipation structure of urban expressway and urban road section . Based on this , a model of road network dissipation structure is constructed , which is used to simulate the operation of vehicle in urban road network , to judge the congestion state of road network and to solve the road network bearing capacity . ( 3 ) Using the road network dissipation structure model to calculate the carrying capacity of the road network , through the VISSIM simulation software , the experimental road network simulation is carried out , and the results obtained by the two models are compared , and the road network dissipation structure model is verified to study the usability of the road network bearing capacity . ( 4 ) To change the parameters of input traffic and road structure which affect the bearing capacity of the road network , make use of VISSIM for road network simulation , and compare the simulation result with the result before the parameter change , in order to provide reference for the traffic management department to take measures to improve the road network bearing capacity .

【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U491

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