隧道及地下工程的基本问题及其研究进展

发布时间：2018-02-14 23:42

本文关键词： 隧道围岩支护结构体系支护-围岩动态作用支护结构设计　出处：《力学学报》2017年01期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：作为隧道及地下工程学科的3个基本问题,隧道围岩稳定性、支护-围岩相互作用和结构体系的动力响应一直都是本学科研究的核心问题,本文围绕上述问题重点分析了隧道围岩力学特性及其载荷效应,建立了深浅层围岩结构力学模型,并通过分析深层围岩中结构层稳定性得到了围岩特性曲线的解析公式,提出了围岩结构性特点及载荷效应的计算方法;通过对隧道支护与围岩作用关系的分析,将支护与围岩的动态作用分为4个阶段:即自由变形、超前支护、初期支护和二次衬砌阶段.由此提出了动态作用全过程的描述方法;基于广义与狭义载荷的理念,提出隧道支护具有调动和协助围岩承载基本功能的观点,明确了两种功能的实现方式,即通过围岩加固、超前加固及锚杆支护实现调动围岩承载,通过支护结构协助围岩承载;针对复杂的隧道支护结构体系,提出了多目标、分阶段协同作用动态优化概念,可使各种支护结构的施作实现时间和空间上的协调,提高可靠性;针对极不稳定的复杂隧道围岩的安全性特点,建立了3种模式的安全事故机理模型,基于工程响应特点提出了安全性分级的新理念,并形成了分级指标体系和分级方法;针对水下隧道及富水围岩条件,建立了3种模式的隧道突涌水机理模型,提出了基于围岩变形控制的安全性控制理论和方法.最后,对本学科发展的热点和核心问题进行了分析和展望.
[Abstract]:As three basic problems in the discipline of tunnel and underground engineering, the stability of tunnel surrounding rock, the interaction between supporting and surrounding rock and the dynamic response of structure system are all the core problems studied in this subject. In this paper, the mechanical properties and load effect of tunnel surrounding rock are analyzed, and the structural mechanics model of deep and shallow surrounding rock is established, and the analytical formula of surrounding rock characteristic curve is obtained by analyzing the stability of structure layer in deep surrounding rock. Based on the analysis of the relationship between tunnel support and surrounding rock, the dynamic action of supporting and surrounding rock is divided into four stages: free deformation, advance support, and so on. Based on the concept of broad sense and narrow sense load, the viewpoint that tunnel support has the basic function of mobilizing and assisting surrounding rock bearing capacity is put forward. It is clear that two kinds of functions are realized, that is, through surrounding rock reinforcement, advance reinforcement and bolt support, to mobilize the surrounding rock bearing capacity, and to assist the surrounding rock bearing through the supporting structure; aiming at the complex tunnel support structure system, the multi-objective is put forward. The concept of dynamic optimization of stage-by-stage synergistic action can make all kinds of supporting structures coordinate in time and space, and improve reliability, aiming at the security characteristics of extremely unstable complex tunnel surrounding rock. Based on the characteristics of engineering response, the new concept of safety classification is put forward, and the classification index system and classification method are formed, aiming at the underwater tunnel and water-rich surrounding rock condition, the safety accident mechanism model of three modes is established, and based on the characteristics of engineering response, the classification index system and classification method are formed. In this paper, three models of tunnel water inrush mechanism are established, and the theory and method of safety control based on deformation control of surrounding rock are put forward. Finally, the hot spots and core problems in the development of this subject are analyzed and prospected.
【作者单位】：北京交通大学隧道及地下工程教育部工程研究中心;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金重点项目资助(U1234210)
【分类号】：U452;TU91

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