汽车—自行车交通事故分析与仿真研究

发布时间：2018-02-24 08:19

本文关键词： 汽车-自行车事故伤亡风险二次开发碰撞参数自行车控制状态　出处：《哈尔滨工业大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：我国机非混合交通方式复杂,汽车与自行车交通事故频发,其造成的人员伤亡和经济损失不容小觑,因此,开展汽车-自行车碰撞事故的研究是非常有必要的。本文基于当前交通安全现状,从事故规律和碰撞特征的角度出发,对汽车-自行车事故进行统计分析和仿真研究。本文对威海地区267例汽车-自行车交通事故进行了调查统计,从事故整体分布、事故诱发原因及自行车控制人损伤三个方向,全面分析了汽车-自行车交通事故的发生特点和规律。采用Logistic回归方法,研究了碰撞速度与自行车控制人伤亡风险的关系,并对比分析了不同车型之间伤亡风险的区别。根据相关统计分析结果,提出了预防和减轻事故伤害的针对性建议。在PC-Crash软件平台下,对自行车和人体多刚体动力学模型进行了二次开发,建立了汽车-自行车碰撞模型,并通过真实案例验证了所建仿真模型的准确性。为深入探讨自行车骑车人损伤特征的变化规律,采用碰撞仿真的方法,研究了汽车碰撞速度、事故碰撞形态、自行车碰撞速度和位置三个敏感参数对骑车人损伤特征的影响。考虑汽车轮廓尺寸参数的综合作用,利用正交试验分析了汽车轮廓参数与自行车骑车人损伤指标的相关性,基于移动的最小二乘法和自适应响应面法,采用近似建模和求解寻优的方法,优选出了使骑车人损伤最轻的轿车轮廓参数。针对自行车控制状态的再现问题,通过典型碰撞形态下的事故仿真,研究了不同自行车控制状态下的碰撞特征。借助Box-Behnken方法和拉丁超立方方法,进行了260次仿真试验,分析了碰撞指标与自行车控制状态的相关性。通过仿真试验和统计分析相结合的方法,识别出了能够用于自行车控制状态再现的敏感评判指标,并通过真实案例验证了利用评判指标判断自行车控制状态的可行性。本课题的研究一方面可以为汽车被动安全改进工作提供数据支持和技术借鉴,另一方面可以为交通安全部门提供事故预防和再现的参考依据。
[Abstract]:Because of the complexity of non-mixed mode of transportation and the frequent accidents of cars and bicycles in China, the casualties and economic losses caused by these accidents should not be underestimated. It is very necessary to carry out the research on vehicle-bicycle collision accident. Based on the current situation of traffic safety, this paper starts from the angle of accident law and collision characteristics. In this paper, 267 cases of vehicle-bicycle traffic accidents in Weihai area were investigated and counted. The overall distribution of the accidents, the causes of the accidents and the injuries caused by bicycle controllers were analyzed in three directions. In this paper, the characteristics and rules of vehicle-bicycle traffic accidents are comprehensively analyzed. The relationship between collision velocity and the risk of human casualties controlled by bicycles is studied by using Logistic regression method. The difference of casualty risk between different models is compared and analyzed. According to the results of relevant statistical analysis, some specific suggestions for preventing and reducing accident injury are put forward. Under the platform of PC-Crash software, The multi-rigid body dynamics model of bicycle and human body has been redeveloped, and the collision model of automobile and bicycle has been established. The accuracy of the simulation model is verified by real cases. In order to probe into the law of damage characteristics of cyclists, collision simulation is used to study the speed and shape of vehicle collision. The influence of three sensitive parameters of bicycle impact speed and position on the damage characteristics of cyclists is discussed. Considering the comprehensive effect of automobile contour parameters, the correlation between vehicle contour parameters and cyclists' damage index is analyzed by orthogonal test. Based on moving least square method and adaptive response surface method, approximate modeling and optimization method are used to select the car contour parameters which cause the least damage to cyclists. The collision characteristics in different bicycle control states are studied by means of the accident simulation in typical collision form. The Box-Behnken method and Latin hypercube method are used to carry out 260 simulation tests. The correlation between impact index and bicycle control state is analyzed. By combining simulation test and statistical analysis, the sensitive judgment index which can be used to reproduce bicycle control state is identified. The feasibility of judging bicycle control state by judging index is verified by real cases. On the one hand, the research of this topic can provide data support and technical reference for vehicle passive safety improvement. On the other hand, it can provide reference for traffic security department to prevent and reproduce accidents.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U491.31

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