中外规范部分条文的差异性研究

发布时间：2018-02-27 14:41

本文关键词： 桥梁设计规范钢筋混凝土荷载及荷载组合预应力连续梁桥　出处：《兰州交通大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：改革开放以后,我国土木工程项目在海外的市场逐年增加,而这些项目所在地很多都曾经是欧美的殖民地。所以,我们需要对中美规范进行一定的了解。本文主要对中国、美国以及欧洲公路桥梁设计规范的部分条款进行了差异性研究。主要完成了以下内容:(1)通过有限元软件Midas/Civil简单的介绍了预应力混凝土连续梁桥的数值模拟的过程。(2)主要对中国、美国和欧洲三国规范中的结构材料(包括混凝土和钢筋)、极限状态设计的分类和极限状态设计的计算方法、荷载(包括车辆荷载、人群荷载、温度荷载和风荷载)及荷载组合的相关规定进行了分析研究。主要结论如下:对于混凝土强度等级,中国规范、美国规范和欧洲规范的划分标准存在较大的差异。对于强度的设计值,虽然中国和欧洲规范规定都采用了标准值与混凝土材料分项系数之商;欧洲规范与中国规范相似都将极限状态分为两类,但是美国规范却将极限状态分为了四类;美国规范与中国规范相似都采用了车辆荷载及车道荷载模式,而欧洲规范中车辆荷载分为了四种模式;对于温度荷载,中国、美国与欧洲规范都将其分为均匀温度荷载作用和温度梯度荷载作用,是否考虑温度基数取值和梁底温差是它们的主要区别;对于风荷载,虽然中、欧两国规范对风荷载的计算公式都为:风压?面积?系数,但是它们之间也存在差异性,其差异性主要在于:中国规范的计算面积是按照实际尺寸考虑的,同时考虑了设计风速重现期换算系数、风载阻力系数和地形、地理条件系数;而欧洲规范的计算面积是按照X,Y,Z三个方向的截面面积考虑的,同时考虑了暴露系数和截面系数;美国规范的基本风压考虑了风以不同角度作用在结构上这种情况,而中国规范仅考虑的水平风压;美国规范的相关计算公式主要根据实际环境水文情况来计算桥梁受到的风压,更科学;中国规范结合了多年观测的水文地质资料,经验性较强;对于荷载分项系数,中国规范处于较低的水平。(3)本文运用有限元软件Midas/Civil建立了有限元分析模型,分别按照各国规范进行荷载加载与荷载组合,然后对单项荷载作用下以及不同荷载组合作用下的荷载效应进行对比分析,最后再得出结论。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, the overseas market of civil engineering projects in China has increased year by year, and many of these projects were once colonies of Europe and the United States. Therefore, we need to have a certain understanding of the norms between China and the United States. The differences of some articles in the design code of highway bridges in the United States and Europe have been studied. The following contents have been completed: 1) the process of numerical simulation of prestressed concrete continuous beam bridges has been briefly introduced by the finite element software Midas/Civil) and the process of numerical simulation of prestressed concrete continuous beam bridges has been introduced mainly in China. Structural materials (including concrete and steel bars) in the codes of the United States and Europe, classification of limit state design and calculation methods of limit state design, loads (including vehicle loads, crowd loads, The relevant regulations of temperature load and wind load) and load combination are analyzed and studied. The main conclusions are as follows: for concrete strength grade, Chinese code, There is a great difference between the American code and the European standard. For the design value of strength, both Chinese and European codes adopt the quotient between the standard value and the subdivision coefficient of concrete material. Similar to the Chinese code, the European code divides the limit state into two categories, but the American code divides the limit state into four categories. In the European Code, the vehicle load is divided into four modes. For the temperature load, the Chinese, American and European codes divide it into uniform temperature load and temperature gradient load. Are the main differences between the temperature base and the temperature difference at the bottom of the beam taken into account; for wind loads, though the formulas for wind loads in the European and Chinese codes are: wind pressure? Area? But there are also differences between them. The difference lies in the fact that the calculated area of Chinese code is considered according to the actual size, and the conversion factor of design wind speed recurrence period, wind load resistance coefficient and topography are also taken into account. The calculated area of the European Code is considered according to the cross section area in the three directions of XY Z, and the exposure coefficient and the cross section coefficient are taken into account at the same time. The basic wind pressure of the United States Code takes into account the fact that the wind acts on the structure at different angles, while the Chinese Code only considers the horizontal wind pressure; the relevant calculation formulas of the United States Code are mainly based on the actual environmental and hydrological conditions to calculate the wind pressure on the bridge. More scientific; the Chinese code combines the hydrogeological data observed for many years and has strong experience; for the load sub-coefficient, the Chinese code is at a lower level.) in this paper, the finite element analysis model is established by using the finite element software Midas/Civil. The load loading and load combination are carried out according to the codes of different countries respectively. Then the load effect under single load and different load combination is compared and analyzed. Finally, the conclusion is drawn.
【学位授予单位】：兰州交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U442

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