基于城市公交系统的应急交通疏散策略研究

发布时间：2018-03-02 01:33

本文关键词： 公交系统突发事件应急交通疏散策略　出处：《重庆交通大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近年来,我国城市突发事件时有发生,不仅给社会和个人造成了巨大的经济损失,而且严重威胁了突发事件发生区域内的人们的生命安全。并且,随着我国综合实力的不断增强,在城市举办的国内和国外的大型活动越来越多,大大增加了突发事件发生的可能性。突发事件一旦发生,周边的交通设施可能会遭到不同程度的破坏,骤增的交通流势必会打破正常情况下城市交通的供需平衡,甚至会导致大面积的交通拥堵,因此,有必要提前制定符合突发事件特性的应急交通疏散方案并定期演练。本文旨在研究突发事件下应急交通疏散路径选择问题和应急交通疏散策略,以期在完善突发事件下应急交通疏散理论,同时为有关部门制定高效、合理的应急交通疏散方案提供参考。本文采用定性与定量相结合的研究方法,定性分析突发事件对城市交通的影响、应急交通疏散的基本特征、应急交通疏散预案的制定、应急交通疏散的组织过程和应急交通疏散策略;定量研究应急条件下道路通行能力、应急交通疏散时间的计算和基于城市公交系统的应急交通疏散路径选择模型。考虑到我国的基本国情和公交系统运量大、高效等特点,本文选择公交车和轨道交通车辆来完成突发事件下事发区域内人员的疏散。本文分析了突发事件下的路网通行能力,并在此基础上总结了路段疏散时间的计算方法;在构建应急交通疏散路径选择模型时,首次考虑了轨道交通的飞速发展对应急交通疏散的重要作用;运用运筹学理论中的网络流理论,首次构建了疏散需求与交通供给在非平衡状态下应急交通疏散路径选择模型,并用实例验证了其可行性;分别从宏观、微观、静态、动态四个方面给出应急交通疏散策略,为应急交通疏散方案的高效实行提供了可靠的保障。本论文的研究可以提高突发事件下现代交通系统的快速反应能力,保障应急工作高效开展,减少事发区域内人员伤亡和经济损失,有效控制突发事件进一步扩散和蔓延,最大程度地降低突发事件对城市正常交通的不良影响,保障社会稳定。
[Abstract]:In recent years, urban emergencies have occurred from time to time in China, which not only caused huge economic losses to the society and individuals, but also seriously threatened the lives of people in the areas where emergencies occurred. With the continuous strengthening of our country's comprehensive strength, there are more and more large-scale activities held in cities, both at home and abroad, which greatly increase the possibility of unexpected events. Once emergencies occur, The surrounding traffic facilities may be damaged to varying degrees. A sudden increase in traffic flow will inevitably upset the balance between supply and demand in urban traffic under normal circumstances, and even lead to a large area of traffic congestion. It is necessary to make emergency traffic evacuation plan according to the characteristics of emergency events in advance and conduct regular exercises. This paper aims to study the problem of emergency traffic evacuation path selection and emergency traffic evacuation strategy. In order to perfect the theory of emergency traffic evacuation under emergency, and to provide reference for relevant departments to formulate efficient and reasonable emergency traffic evacuation plan. Qualitative analysis of the impact of emergencies on urban traffic, the basic characteristics of emergency traffic evacuation, emergency traffic evacuation plan formulation, emergency traffic evacuation organization process and emergency traffic evacuation strategy; This paper quantitatively studies the road capacity, the calculation of emergency traffic evacuation time and the emergency traffic evacuation path selection model based on urban public transport system under emergency conditions. Considering the basic conditions of our country and the characteristics of large volume and high efficiency of public transport system, etc. In this paper, bus and rail transit vehicles are selected to complete the evacuation of people in the accident area. This paper analyzes the road network capacity under the emergency, and summarizes the method of calculating the evacuation time. In constructing the evacuation path selection model of emergency traffic, it is the first time that the rapid development of rail transit plays an important role in emergency traffic evacuation. For the first time, an emergency traffic evacuation path selection model is constructed under the condition of non-equilibrium of evacuation demand and traffic supply, and its feasibility is verified by an example. The emergency traffic evacuation strategy is given from macro, micro, static and dynamic aspects, respectively. The research in this paper can improve the rapid response ability of modern transportation system in emergencies and ensure the efficient development of emergency work. Reduce casualties and economic losses in the accident area, effectively control the spread and spread of emergencies, minimize the adverse impact of emergencies on urban normal traffic, and ensure social stability.
【学位授予单位】：重庆交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U491.17;U492.8

【参考文献】