北京市小汽车出行可达性研究

发布时间：2018-03-03 21:58

本文选题：可达性　切入点：浮动车GPS　出处：《北京交通大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：城市道路交通系统中,小汽车在运行的过程中积累了海量的导航数据,为城市交通规划与土地利用提供了数据支持。本文以北京市路网数据与高德地图导航GPS数据为基础,提出了一种基于经验路径的小汽车时空可达性分析方法。本文首先介绍了可达性研究现状与GPS的应用方法,对小汽车出行可达性做出定义,并分析了几种可达性度量模型,最终根据现有数据选择了等时线模型作为评价可达性的方法。对从高德地图获取的浮动车GPS数据进行预处理及载客状态的筛选,得到研究所需的高质量数据;然后将GPS定位点的经纬度坐标转化到WGS84坐标系统中,对浮动车行驶轨迹进行电子地图的匹配。通过提取浮动车经验路径构建了经验等级路网,采用分层路径规划算法计算各采样点的时间成本,作为可达性的评价指标。最后采用矩形网格法绘制等时线,用克里格插值法得到光滑的等时线图,在此基础上对小汽车出行可达性进行分析。根据以上研究内容,本文以北京市六环内区域为例,研究了城市中心区小汽车出行的可达性,又利用"基于高德API的交通等时线划分工具"绘制了以天安门广场为中心的北京市中心城区公共交通出行等时线及等时区域图,与小汽车出行的情况进行对比。结果证明在不同出行方式下,针对不同的区域可达性有较大的不同。最后分析了这种现象出现的原因,并对北京市路网规划及交通发展提出建议。
[Abstract]:In the urban road traffic system, the car accumulates the massive navigation data in the process of operation, which provides the data support for the urban traffic planning and land use. This paper bases on the Beijing road network data and Amap's navigation GPS data. In this paper, an empirical path based method for analyzing the spatial and temporal reachability of cars is proposed. Firstly, this paper introduces the present situation of accessibility research and the application of GPS, defines the reachability of car trips, and analyzes several kinds of reachability measurement models. Finally, according to the existing data, the isochron model is selected as the method to evaluate the reachability. The GPS data obtained from Amap are preprocessed and the passenger status is screened to obtain the high quality data needed by the research. Then the longitude and latitude coordinates of the GPS positioning point are transformed into the WGS84 coordinate system, and the electronic map matching of the floating vehicle track is carried out, and the experience grade network is constructed by extracting the experience path of the floating vehicle. The hierarchical path planning algorithm is used to calculate the time cost of each sampling point as an index to evaluate the reachability. Finally, the rectangular grid method is used to draw the isochronous line, and the Kriging interpolation method is used to obtain the smooth isochronous line diagram. Based on the above research content, this paper studies the accessibility of car travel in the central district of Beijing, taking the six rings of Beijing as an example. Using the tool of dividing traffic isochron based on Gaude API, the isochron and isochronous area map of public transportation in downtown Beijing with Tian鈥檃n Men Square as the center is drawn. The results show that under different travel modes, the accessibility of different regions is different. Finally, the reasons for this phenomenon are analyzed. Some suggestions on road network planning and traffic development in Beijing are put forward.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U491

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