步行设施内存在障碍物的空间布局特征与行人疏散仿真

发布时间：2018-03-05 15:05

本文选题：元胞自动机　切入点：行人流仿真　出处：《北京交通大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着我国全面建设小康社会工作的不断推进,居民生活质量和生活水平不断提高,与此同时,居民出行规模更大、频率更高。大规模的出行对各类行人聚集场所如体育馆、交通枢纽、购物中心、超市等需求更大、安全要求更高。步行设施即行人出行聚集场所具有建设周期长,空间结构布局复杂、行人流量大,行人紧急疏散难度大等特点。步行设施内障碍物的布局对行人在正常或紧急情况下的疏散具有重要影响。障碍物通过影响行人疏散时间、疏散路径、移动距离、行人聚集点等,从而影响行人疏散的便捷性与安全性。通过研究步行设施内障碍物空间布局特征,分析障碍物影响下的行人疏散特征理论与方法,对行人安全疏散具有重要的指导作用。本文以大型步行设施内障碍物布局特征和行人疏散为研究对象,从宏观与微观两个层面,采用定性与定量相结合的方法研究障碍物对行人疏散的影响。主要包括以下内容:首先,从宏观层面,分析研究大型步行设施障碍物布局特征,根据空间是否能被行人利用,将其分为障碍物空间与疏散空间,确定疏散空间移动瓶颈;基于移动瓶颈对疏散空间的划分,构建行人疏散空间网络,将步行设施转化为疏散移动网络;基于移动距离最短的疏散路径策略,构造行人疏散树;基于疏散树节点与层的概念以及其隶属关系,从疏散空间面积、行人移动距离、移动瓶颈、障碍物布局不平衡系数四个角度提出评价步行设施内障碍物下的疏散特征指标。其次,基于元胞自动机理论,通过微观仿真研究障碍物影响下的行人疏散特征。考虑障碍物对行人疏散全周期的影响,改进动态参数模型,引入障碍物阻滞系数,更新静态领域参数模型的计算方法和更新规则;仿真分析障碍物对行人疏散过程中的阻滞系数、疏散路径、疏散时间等影响;确定阻滞系数的影响因子,并分析不同行人密度下障碍物的影响作用大小。最后,以北京西红门荟聚中心为例分析验证文章的步行设施疏散特征指标体系。通过计算该购物中心的各项疏散特征指标,分析障碍物对行人疏散过程的影响,评价该购物中心疏散特征,并针对各项指标,提出该购物中心障碍物空间布局的完善措施。
[Abstract]:With the comprehensive construction of a well-off society to work steadily, the quality of life and living standards of the people improve constantly, at the same time, residents of larger, higher frequency. The large-scale travel to various types of pedestrian gathering places such as stadiums, transportation hubs, shopping malls, supermarkets and a greater demand for higher security requirements. Walking facilities pedestrian travel gathering places has long construction period, complex space structure, pedestrian traffic, pedestrian evacuation difficult obstacle. Walking facilities layout has an important influence on the pedestrian in the normal or emergency evacuation. The obstacle by influencing the evacuation time and evacuation route, moving distance, pedestrian point so, thus affecting the convenience and safety of pedestrian evacuation. Through the research of walking facilities barrier feature space layout, analysis of pedestrian barriers under the influence of the evacuation. The theory and method of syndrome, which has an important guiding effect on pedestrian safety evacuation. The large obstacle walking facilities layout features and pedestrian evacuation as the research object, from the macro and micro two aspects, influenced by the combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods of obstacles on pedestrian evacuation. Mainly includes the following content: first and from the macro level, the analysis of large pedestrian facilities layout features obstacles, according to whether it can be used for pedestrian space, will be divided into the obstacle space and the evacuation space, determine the evacuation space moving bottleneck; mobile division of the bottle neck of the evacuation space based on the construction of pedestrian evacuation space network, will walk into the mobile network evacuation facilities the evacuation of the shortest path strategy; moving distance based on the construction of pedestrian evacuation and evacuation concept tree; tree node layer and the relationship between the membership based, from the evacuation space area, pedestrian movement Distance, moving bottleneck, obstacle layout imbalance four angle feature index coefficient was put forward to evacuation of walking facilities under the obstacle. Secondly, based on the theory of cellular automaton, the influence of pedestrian obstacle on microscopic simulation under evacuation characteristics. Considering the influence of obstacles on pedestrian evacuation of the whole cycle, improved dynamic parameter model. The introduction of obstacles block coefficient, calculation method and update rules to update the static field parameter model; simulation analysis of obstacle evacuation path of pedestrian evacuation block coefficient, in the process of evacuation time; determine the impact factor of retardation factor, and analyze the influence of obstacles of different pedestrian densities. Finally, in Beijing, Xihongmen iicg center as an example analysis proves the pedestrian facilities evacuation characteristic index system. Through the calculation of the shopping center evacuation characteristic index, analysis of obstacles The influence of the pedestrian evacuation process, evaluation of the shopping center evacuation characteristics, and aiming at various indicators, proposed the shopping center obstacle space layout improvement measures.

【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U491.226

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