高速公路隧道交通拥堵的机理及仿真研究

发布时间：2018-03-08 17:46

本文选题：交通拥堵　切入点：隧道　出处：《重庆交通大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近年来,我国的高速公路建设发展迅速,特别是随着山区高速公路建设的大力推进,高速公路隧道的数量保持着较快增长趋势,并且随着经济的发展,高速公路隧道内的车流量持续增大,交通拥堵的现象越来越突出。交通拥堵还会诱发交通安全、环境污染、出行时间增加、车辆能耗增加等一系列问题,因此,研究高速公路隧道交通拥堵的产生、传播和消散机理,对缓解隧道交通拥堵,改善隧道交通安全形势,减少隧道环境污染,提高隧道交通管理水平等具有重要的理论意义和应用价值。本文分别通过交通波理论和元胞自动机模型来研究高速公路隧道交通拥堵的产生、传播和消散机理,具体内容如下:①从驾驶人、车辆行驶特征、隧道环境特征、道路条件和交通事故五个方面分析了高速公路隧道交通拥堵现象的成因。②宏观上研究了高速公路隧道常发性交通拥堵和偶发性交通拥堵的聚集和消散过程。通过交通波理论对高速公路隧道发生常发性交通拥堵或偶发性交通拥堵时的交通流特性进行了研究。③在NS模型中,所有的车辆遵循同一随机慢化概率p,这与实际交通情况有较大差别,在实际情况中,当前车辆的随机减速概率受到前车速度的影响,根据这一现象本文改进了NS模型的随机慢化规则,并对隧道进行合理分段,由此建立了一种模拟高速公路隧道交通拥堵的元胞自动机仿真模型。④以成渝高速上的中梁山隧道为高速公路隧道常发性交通拥堵仿真案例,以酉阳桃花源隧道为高速公路隧道偶发性交通拥堵仿真案例,通过运用本文建立的模拟高速公路隧道交通拥堵的元胞自动机仿真模型,在MATLAB软件中进行仿真,在不同的仿真条件下,研究了高速公路隧道中常发性交通拥堵和偶发性交通拥堵的演化过程,并把偶发性交通拥堵的仿真结果与运用交通波理论得到的计算值进行了比较分析。本文提出基于元胞自动机的交通拥堵仿真模型,可以得到交通拥堵最大排队长度和拥堵时间等参数,对以后高速公路隧道交通拥堵机理的研究具有重要参考价值。
[Abstract]:In recent years, highway construction in China has developed rapidly, especially with the rapid development of highway construction in mountainous areas, the number of highway tunnels has maintained a relatively rapid growth trend, and with the development of the economy, The traffic congestion phenomenon is more and more prominent in the freeway tunnel. Traffic congestion will also induce a series of problems, such as traffic safety, environmental pollution, travel time increase, vehicle energy consumption increase, etc. In order to alleviate the traffic congestion, improve the traffic safety situation and reduce the environmental pollution of the tunnel, the mechanism of producing, spreading and dissipating the traffic congestion in the expressway tunnel is studied. Improving the level of tunnel traffic management has important theoretical significance and application value. In this paper, traffic wave theory and cellular automata model are used to study the generation, propagation and dissipation mechanism of highway tunnel traffic congestion, respectively. The specific contents are as follows: 1 from the driver, vehicle driving characteristics, tunnel environmental characteristics, From five aspects of road conditions and traffic accidents, the causes of traffic congestion in freeway tunnels are analyzed. 2. The accumulation and dissipation processes of traffic congestion and accidental traffic congestion in expressway tunnels are studied. Traffic wave theory is used to study the characteristics of traffic flow in freeway tunnels with normal or accidental traffic jams. 3 in NS model, All vehicles follow the same random slowing probability p, which is quite different from the actual traffic situation. In the actual situation, the random deceleration probability of the current vehicle is affected by the speed of the vehicle in front. According to this phenomenon, the random slow-down rule of NS model is improved, and the tunnel is segmented reasonably. A cellular automata simulation model for simulating traffic congestion in freeway tunnels is established. 4. Taking Zhongliangshan Tunnel on Chengdu-Chongqing Expressway as a case study of traffic congestion in freeway tunnels, Taking Youyang Taohuayuan Tunnel as an example of accidental traffic congestion in expressway tunnel, this paper makes use of the cellular automata simulation model established in this paper to simulate the traffic congestion of expressway tunnel, and simulates it in MATLAB software. Under different simulation conditions, the evolution process of traffic congestion and accidental traffic congestion in freeway tunnels are studied. The simulation results of accidental traffic congestion are compared with those obtained by using the traffic wave theory. In this paper, a traffic congestion simulation model based on cellular automata is proposed. The parameters such as the maximum queue length and the congestion time can be obtained, which has important reference value for the study of the traffic congestion mechanism of the expressway tunnel in the future.
【学位授予单位】：重庆交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U491

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