公路景观围合度对驾驶人的影响机理研究

发布时间：2018-03-08 18:00

  本文选题：公路景观　切入点：空间围合度　出处：《北京工业大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：公路景观既可以增加公路安全性和舒适性,也可以保护生态环境。但目前对于公路景观的研究大多局限于静态描述、主观评价、表象研究,对驾驶人与公路景观的内在联系认识不够,导致景观公路冗长或景观围合形式单一等问题,构成驾驶安全隐患。基于此背景下,论文从驾驶人心生理特征的角度出发,以交通工程心理学、公路景观学等理论为指导,驾驶模拟舱和心电仪为支撑,室内模拟驾驶实验与室外驾驶验证实验相结合,研究公路景观围合度对驾驶特征的影响机理。论文主要对以下四项内容进行研究:第一、公路景观围合度的归类研究。根据空间围合度量值D/H对公路空间形态进行划分,并用主观感知的视野开阔程度验证分类方式的准确性,提出景观空间围合度划分为三类,即开放、半开放和封闭的围合形式。第二、基于公路景观围合度的驾驶特征研究。遴选30名实验者开展不同景观围合度下的模拟驾驶实验。采集实验者心电指标与车辆运行指标,进行驾驶特征差异性分析与指标提取。实验发现开放和封闭场景的驾驶特征有显著性差异,特征指标提取为LD与LF/HF。第三、不同景观围合度的公路长度阈值研究。以驾驶人在长直公路上行驶的案例作为应用,研究驾驶人心电指标LF/HF随公路长度的变化规律,建立基于LF/HF的公路长度三次拟合多项式模型,并通过函数求导法推算不同景观围合度下的公路长度理论阈值。通过压力测试问卷评估公路长度的期望阈值,校验模型的精度高于90%,证实结论的可靠性。第四、模拟驾驶实验有效性研究。开展实地驾驶验证实验,选取并采集精度较高的心电指标HR与LF/HF作为评价指标。对比分析室内外评价指标的相关性及趋势变化的一致性,结果发现室内外评价指标相关度高且一致性强,证实室内模拟实验数据有效性。同时基于特征指标LF/HF计算公路长度实际阈值,并用公路长度理论阈值对实际阈值进行校验,发现模型精度介于82%~99%之间,证实阈值的可靠性。论文成果可为公路景观的灵活设计和人性化设计实践提供初步理论参考。
[Abstract]:The highway landscape can increase road safety and comfort, but also can protect the ecological environment. But the research for the study of the highway landscape is mostly confined to the static description, subjective evaluation, appearance, internal relations of the driver and the highway landscape cognition is not enough, resulting in landscape road landscape Wai long or single form, constitute driving safety. Based on this background, this paper from the perspective of people driving physiological characteristics, the traffic engineering psychology, highway landscape theory for guidance, driving simulator and ECG as the support, driving verification experiment combined indoor and outdoor simulation driving experiment, research on highway landscape effect degree on the driving characteristics of the mechanism. This paper mainly researches on the following four aspects: first, the study of the classification of the highway landscape enclosure. According to the enclosed space measure D/H on highway spatial form planning Points, and verify the accuracy of classification using the subjective perception of vision, proposed enclosure landscape space division into three categories, namely open, semi open and closed the enclosed form. Second, research on the driving characteristics of highway landscape based on the enclosure. The driving simulation test selection 30 participants carried out under different landscape enclosure the experimenter. Acquisition ECG indices and vehicle operation indicators, driving analysis and index characteristics of differential extraction. The experimental results showed that the driving characteristics of open and closed scenes have significant difference, characteristic index extraction LD and LF/HF. third, on the road length threshold of different landscape enclosure. To the driver driving in the long straight road on the case as an application, the research of driver's ECG index LF/HF changes with the length of the road, a road length of three times the polynomial model based on LF/HF, and through the function derivative method Calculation of different landscape Wai Road length theory. Through the threshold degree under the pressure test questionnaire were used to evaluate the desired threshold road length, check the accuracy of the model is higher than 90%, reliability confirmed the conclusion. Fourth, the driving simulation test is effective to carry out field research. Driving experiments, HR and LF/HF ECG indicators selected as evaluation and acquisition of high precision consistency index. Correlation and trend index comparative analysis of the evaluation results of indoor and outdoor, indoor and outdoor evaluation indexes of high and strong consistency, confirmed the effectiveness of indoor simulation experiment data. At the same time based on the characteristics of LF/HF index calculation of highway actual length threshold, and the actual threshold check by road length threshold theory, found the accuracy of the model is 82%~99%, confirmed the threshold reliability. The results of this paper will provide flexible design and humanized design practice of highway landscape at the beginning Step theory reference.

【学位授予单位】：北京工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U491.254
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本文编号：1584954