紫外荧光法探测水面溢油信息研究

发布时间：2018-03-13 10:42

本文选题：紫外诱导荧光　切入点：溢油监测　出处：《西安工业大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：溢油是水体中的主要污染物之一,而溢油事故多发于海洋钻井平台、输油管线以及船舶航行过程中。溢油产生后会随着水流进一步扩散从而造成大面积的水域污染,及早发现溢油事故,根据不同种类的溢油采取行之有效的处理办法则可以有效地降低溢油对环境的污染,减少经济损失。紫外诱导荧光探测水面溢油是目前探测效率最好,识别精度最高的探测方法,其具有预警精度高,全天候探测的特点,可探测到微米级别的油膜,也是目前唯一一种能够探测冰面、雪地以及沙石表面的技术手段。本文从能级激发的角度讨论了紫外光诱导荧光的原理,归纳总结了荧光激发速率方程以及影响荧光激发效率的因素。通过搭建溢油探测实验平台,分别在暗室与实验室环境下完成了不同油品的荧光激发探测,得出了相应的油品辨别公式。实验了不同厚度油品的荧光激发强度,归纳总结了荧光强度随油膜厚度变化的原因,实验了不同探测高度下油品的荧光强度,为日后光强补偿提供了实验数据与理论依据。搭建并测试了光电传感器的信号滤波电路,设计了荧光激发系统、信号接收系统及其遮光结构,使用TracePro仿真软件对遮光结构的遮光效果进行了验证。溢油预警控制系统采用两个STC89C58单片机,分为主机与从机协同工作,通过对比选择引入了AD模块,测距传感器、颜色传感器、温湿度传感器、无线通信模块、显示模块、时钟模块以及语音预警等模块,使系统的功能更加全面,进一步提高了探测效率。通过C语言对上述各个模块分别进行编程并调试运行,运用均值滤波算法以及卡尔曼滤波算法对荧光信号进行了滤波处理,使探测信号更加稳定。设计了预警系统的运行逻辑,设置了两种探测模式,通过对单片机的编程实现了系统的实时远程遥感与自动预警功能,完成了溢油的预警以及溢油种类的识别。
[Abstract]:Oil spill is one of the main pollutants in the water body, and oil spill accidents often occur in offshore drilling platforms, oil pipelines and ships. Oil spills will spread further with the flow of water, resulting in a large area of water pollution. Early detection of oil spill accidents and effective treatment according to different oil spills can effectively reduce environmental pollution and reduce economic losses. UV induced fluorescence detection of oil spills on water surface is the best detection efficiency at present. The detection method with the highest accuracy is characterized by high warning accuracy and all-weather detection. It can detect micrometer oil film and is the only one capable of detecting ice surface at present. In this paper, the principle of UV induced fluorescence is discussed from the point of view of energy level excitation. The equation of fluorescence excitation rate and the factors influencing the efficiency of fluorescence excitation are summarized. The fluorescence excitation detection of different oil products is accomplished in dark room and laboratory environment by setting up an oil spill detection experimental platform. The corresponding oil discrimination formula was obtained. The fluorescence excitation intensity of oil with different thickness was tested, the reasons of the change of fluorescence intensity with oil film thickness were summarized, and the fluorescence intensity of oil product at different detection heights was tested. It provides experimental data and theoretical basis for light intensity compensation in the future. The signal filter circuit of photoelectric sensor is built and tested, and the fluorescent excitation system, signal receiving system and its shading structure are designed. The TracePro simulation software is used to verify the shading effect of the shading structure. Two STC89C58 microcontrollers are used in the oil spill early warning control system, which is divided into two parts: the host computer and the slave computer. The AD module, the ranging sensor and the color sensor are introduced through comparison and selection. Temperature and humidity sensor, wireless communication module, display module, clock module and voice warning module make the function of the system more comprehensive. The detection efficiency is further improved. Each module mentioned above is programmed and debugged by C language, and the fluorescence signal is filtered by means of mean filter algorithm and Kalman filter algorithm. The operating logic of the early warning system is designed and two detection modes are set up. The real-time remote sensing and automatic warning functions of the system are realized by programming the single chip computer. The warning of oil spill and the recognition of oil spill type are completed.
【学位授予单位】：西安工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X834;U698.7;O657.3

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