巴朗山高海拔隧道施工期供氧标准及设计方法研究

发布时间：2018-03-15 19:46

本文选题：高海拔隧道　切入点：劳动强度分级　出处：《西南交通大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着国家“一带一路(OBAOR)"经济战略构想的提出和实施,我国西部地区迅猛发展,川藏公路、铁路陆续提入规划设计,高海拔特长隧道数量快速增长。海拔高度对隧道施工分阶段人员的影响主要表现为两个方面,分别是：随着海拔高度的升高温度下降,施工人员处于高寒环境；海拔高度越高,气压越低,氧含量减小,导致施工人员出现缺氧反应。巴朗山公路隧道位于省道303线,洞口平均海拔高度约为3850m,是打通西部旅游小西环线、促进川西经济发展的重要工程,也是四川省公路科技重点项目。为获得高海拔地区隧道施工分阶段人员需氧量的预测方法并为供氧技术提供设计依据,特依托巴朗山高海拔特长公路隧道开展了高海拔地区隧道施工分阶段人员劳动强度和施工工序对应关系的研究、制定了劳动强度和需氧量之间的关系、建立了氧气浓度随隧道长度变化的预测方法,并以此为基础提出了可选的供氧方案。本论文主要研究工作和成果主要有以下四个方面：(1)基于高海拔环境对施工人员人体机能的影响分析,结合海拔高度与人体气管气氧分压的关系,提出了基于安全性和舒适性的高海拔施工起始供氧高度建议值。根据高海拔劳动强度分级,得到海拔每升高1000m,劳动强度约升高一个等级的结论,同时首次提出了劳动强度、海拔高度共同对人员耗氧量的影响关系,确定了施工人员供氧量标准。(2)采用Fluent流体力学计算软件就不同开挖深度、施工机械功率、隧址区氧浓度对隧道内氧气浓度的影响进行了深入分析,计算结果表明随着开挖深度的增加,氧气浓度逐渐减小,并建立了隧道内氧气浓度预测关系式。(3)基于巴朗山隧道氧浓度预测方法及氧浓度预测值,提出了巴朗山隧道施工分阶段人员供氧量。(4)基于巴朗山隧道个体式供氧和弥散式供氧现场实验,对比了个体式供氧与弥散式供氧的优缺点,确定了巴朗山隧道施工分阶段供氧方案,并结合现场测试供氧效果,提出供氧方案的优化方式。通过对施工分阶段人员供氧技术的研究及应用,为实现巴朗山隧道安全、快速、高效的施工提供了技术保障,确保了高海拔隧道施工人员的生理安全,为其它类似高海拔隧道施工需氧量的预测以及供氧方案的设计提供了有价值的参考和借鉴。
[Abstract]:With the development and implementation of the national economic strategy of "Belt and Road and OBAOR", the western region of China has developed rapidly, and Sichuan-Tibet highways and railways have been introduced into the planning and design one after another. The influence of altitude on tunnel construction in different stages is mainly manifested in two aspects: with the increase of altitude, the construction personnel are in a cold environment, and the higher the altitude, the higher the altitude. The lower the air pressure, the lower the oxygen content, which leads to anoxic reaction among the construction personnel. The Barang Mountain Highway Tunnel is located on the 303 line of the provincial road, with an average altitude of 3850 m, which is an important project to open up the west tourism small western ring line and promote the economic development of western Sichuan. It is also a key project of highway science and technology in Sichuan Province. In order to obtain the forecast method of oxygen demand of tunnel construction in high altitude area and provide the design basis for oxygen supply technology, In particular, relying on the high-altitude and extra-long highway tunnel of Balang Mountain, a study was carried out on the corresponding relationship between the labor intensity and the construction process of the workers in the tunnel construction in the high altitude area, and the relationship between the labor intensity and the oxygen demand was established. A prediction method for the variation of oxygen concentration with tunnel length is established. On the basis of this, an optional oxygen supply scheme is put forward. The main research work and results of this paper are as follows: 1) based on the analysis of the influence of high altitude environment on the human function of the construction personnel, Combined with the relationship between altitude and partial pressure of oxygen in human trachea, the suggested value of initial oxygen supply for high altitude construction based on safety and comfort is put forward. It is concluded that for every 1000m elevation, the labor intensity increases by about one grade. At the same time, the influence of labor intensity and altitude on human oxygen consumption is put forward for the first time. The oxygen supply standard of construction personnel is determined. The influence of different excavation depth, power of construction machinery and oxygen concentration in tunnel area on oxygen concentration in tunnel is analyzed by Fluent hydrodynamic calculation software. The results show that the oxygen concentration decreases gradually with the increase of excavation depth, and the prediction equation of oxygen concentration in the tunnel is established, which is based on the oxygen concentration prediction method and oxygen concentration prediction value of Barang Mountain Tunnel. Based on the field experiments of individual oxygen supply and diffuse oxygen supply in Balangshan tunnel, the advantages and disadvantages of individual and diffuse oxygen supply are compared. This paper determines the oxygen supply scheme of Balangshan tunnel construction by stages, and puts forward the optimization method of oxygen supply scheme combined with the effect of field test. Through the research and application of oxygen supply technology for personnel in construction stages, in order to realize the safety and speediness of Balangshan tunnel, The efficient construction provides the technical guarantee, ensures the physiological safety of the construction personnel of the high-altitude tunnel, and provides a valuable reference and reference for the prediction of oxygen demand in other similar high-altitude tunnel construction and the design of the oxygen supply scheme.
【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U455

【参考文献】