基于元胞传输模型的瓶颈路段拥挤收费问题研究

发布时间：2018-03-18 19:29

本文选题：瓶颈模型　切入点：元胞传输模型　出处：《北京交通大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着城市现代化的快速发展,城市人口越来越多,同时人们的生活水平有着很大的改善,私人小汽车拥有量飞速增加,给城市交通和环境方面造成了严重的影响,出现了城市交通拥堵和环境污染等问题。面临严峻的城市交通拥堵,如何治理城市交通拥堵已成为世界各国都关注的难题。近年来,我国一些城市的经济快速发展使得交通拥堵现象变得极为严重,因此治理交通拥堵在缓解城市交通问题中占着重要的角色。基于元胞传输模型的瓶颈路段拥挤收费的提出对于建立单一收费方案,缓解城市交通拥堵问题有重大意义。本文基于元胞传输模型,建立了瓶颈路段的单一收费方案,并且对瓶颈路段上存在单用户和多用户两种情况进行了研究。主要工作有以下几个方面:(1)描述瓶颈路段上单一收费方案下单用户的出行选择行为。首先基于元胞传输模型,分析了瓶颈路段上单用户流量的演化过程,并计算每个时刻出行者的出行费用。通过路段流量与出行费用之间的关系对每个时刻路段流量进行更新调整,直到元胞传输模型达到平衡状态。其次,在特定的时间段内设置一定的拥挤收费,分析了实施拥挤收费前后对流入率的变化和路段拥挤情况,以及不同路段需求量对路段拥挤的影响和拥挤收费对缓解交通拥堵的作用。(2)根据不同的优化方案对单用户的拥挤收费水平进行优化。首先,应用元胞传输模型得到稳定状态下单用户的走行时间和车辆排队长度。其次,根据不同的优化方案,建立基于元胞传输模型的不同上层目标函数的双层规划模型,上层目标分别为:瓶颈路段上的单用户总的走行时间和瓶颈路段上的车辆排队长度,而下层模型是基于元胞传输模拟单用户的路段出行行为。并用改进的遗传算法对两个双层规划模型求解,分别得到最优的收费水平。最后应用简单的数例阐述所建立的双层规划模型及算法。(3)描述瓶颈路段上单一收费方案下多用户的出行选择行为。将瓶颈路段上的多用户按收入高低分为两类:一类是时间价值较高,可支配时间较灵活的高收入者;一类是时间价值较低,可支配时间较紧凑的低收入者。二者区别在于惩罚时间价值系数不同。首先,基于元胞传输模型,描述瓶颈路段上多用户流量的演化过程,并计算两类出行者在每个时刻的出行费用。通过各自的出行费用与流量的关系分别对两类出行者的流入率进行更新调整,直到元胞传输模型达到用户平衡状态。文中分别分析了实施拥挤收费前后对瓶颈路段上交通拥堵的影响和拥挤收费对缓解交通拥堵的效果。进一步,对于存在多用户的瓶颈路段,优化瓶颈路段上的单一拥挤收费水平。首先,基于元胞传输模型得到稳定状态下的多用户的走行时间和车辆排队长度。其次,建立基于元胞传输模型的不同上层目标函数的双层规划模型,上层目标分别为:瓶颈路段上的多用户总的走行时间和瓶颈路段上的车辆排队长度,而下层模型是基于元胞传输模拟多用户的路段出行行为。并用改进的遗传算法对两个双层规划模型求解,分别得到最优的收费水平。最后应用简单的数例阐述所建立的双层规划模型及算法。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of the modern city, the city population is more and more, at the same time people's living standard has greatly improved, with private cars increase rapidly, causing a serious impact to the city traffic and environment, the city traffic congestion and environmental pollution problems. Facing the severe traffic congestion in the city, how to improve the city traffic congestion has become a problem concerned in the world. In recent years, some of China's city's rapid economic development makes the traffic congestion has become very serious, so the traffic congestion management plays an important role in alleviating the city traffic problem. Traffic bottleneck cell transmission model is proposed for the establishment of a congestion pricing scheme based on a single charge that is of great significance to alleviate the city traffic congestion. This paper based on cell transmission model, established a single charging scheme for bottlenecks, and to There are bottlenecks single user and multi-user two were studied. The main works are as follows: (1) describe the bottleneck on a single charge scheme of single user travel choice behavior. Based on the cell transmission model, analysis of the single user flow evolution process bottlenecks, and calculate each moment the travel expenses of each moment. The traffic flow is updated by adjusting the relationship between road traffic and travel expenses, until the cell transmission model to achieve a state of equilibrium. Secondly, set the congestion charge in a certain period of time, analyzes the implementation of congestion pricing and inflow rate and the variation of road congestion, and different sections of demand on congested Road and congestion charges on the role to ease traffic congestion. (2) according to different optimization schemes for single user congestion pricing level in For optimization. First, using the cell transmission model by single user steady state travel time and queue length. Secondly, according to different optimization schemes, a bilevel programming model of different upper objectivefunction cell transmission model based on the upper target respectively: Bottleneck on the single user total travel time and the bottleneck sections of the vehicle queue length, and the lower model is travel behavior based on single user simulation cell transmission. And use the improved genetic algorithm for solving two bilevel programming model, respectively, to obtain the optimal level of fees. The bi level programming model and algorithm of the number of cases described by simple. (end 3) describe the bottleneck on a single charge scheme of multiple user travel choice behavior. Many users on the bottleneck income level is divided into two categories: one is the high value of time, can be a time A flexible high income; one is the time value is low, disposable time is compact and low income. The difference between the two lies in the penalty coefficient of different time value. First, the cell transmission model based on the description of user traffic bottlenecks on the evolution process, and calculate two travelers at each time the travel cost. Through the relationship between travel cost and flow of each of two types of the inflow rate travelers update adjustment, until the cell transmission model to achieve user equilibrium. This paper analyses the implementation of congestion pricing before and after the bottleneck over effects of traffic congestion and congestion fees to ease traffic congestion in the further effect. The presence of multiple user, bottleneck, bottleneck optimization on single congestion pricing level. Firstly, the cell transmission model of multi-user steady state of travel time and vehicle scheduling based on Team length. Secondly, the bi level programming model is established with different upper objectivefunction cell transmission model based on the upper target respectively: Bottleneck on multi-user total travel time and the bottleneck sections of the vehicle queue length, and the lower model is based on multi user travel behavior simulation and cell transmission. The improved genetic algorithm for solving two bilevel programming model, the optimal level of charge were obtained. Bi level programming model and algorithm were described. Finally the application of simple building

【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U491

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