西安市小汽车交通出行碳排放在空间上的分布特性研究

发布时间：2018-03-20 01:10

本文选题：小汽车　切入点：交通出行碳排放　出处：《长安大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：城市交通碳排放是城市碳排放的三大主要来源之一,而小汽车是城市交通出行方式中碳排放强度最高的交通方式。揭示小汽车交通出行碳排放在空间上分布规律,对于降低小汽车交通出行碳排放,控制交通整体碳排放量,创建低碳出行环境,构建低碳交通出行体系均具有十分重要的意义。本文以西安市为例,以小汽车为对象,构建了基于城市交通模型的小汽车交通出行碳排放计算方法,然后依托西安市城市交通模型和2012年《空间规划与低碳西安》调查等基础数据,利用CUBE软件和ArcGIS软件对基础数据进行处理,用校核更新后的模型输出结果计算得到西安市小汽车交通出行碳排放量。分别从宏观主体和微观主体的角度,选取不同的分析单元,对西安市小汽车交通出行碳排放在空间的分布情况进行统计分析,探讨小汽车交通出行碳排放的轨迹特征,了解并掌握城市空间参数、城市交通参数和微观主体的属性与小汽车交通出行碳排放的关系。对微观主体的小汽车交通出行碳排放的空间分布特征进行分析发现,微观主体的小汽车交通出行碳排放在空间上分布不均匀,但小汽车交通出行碳排放量总体上差异不大。较少比例的微观主体,产生了较多的小汽车交通出行碳排放。不同的家庭收入、不同的出行者的年龄、性别、职业和受教育程度,小汽车交通出行碳排放的特点不同。针对微观主体的小汽车交通出行碳排放轨迹分析发现,一环区域内的有车家庭和小汽车出行者的小汽车交通出行碳排放量低于调查样本的平均值,其它三个区域的有车家庭和小汽车出行者的小汽车交通出行碳排放量均高于平均值,这在一定程度上与区域内居民的小汽车出行距离有关。随着小汽车出行距离的增加,小汽车出行者的碳排放也在增加。通过分析各个区域出行者的出行轨迹和出行碳排放因子发现,小汽车碳排放因子越高的区域,小汽车交通出行碳排放量不一定高,出行轨迹越靠近市中心,道路网的运行情况越差,车速越低,小汽车碳排放因子就越高,单位距离的小汽车碳排放量相对较高。对宏观主体的小汽车交通出行碳排放的空间分布特性分析发现:在起讫点上,全市范围内交通小区高峰小时小汽车交通出行碳排放分布不均匀;以环线为单元,小汽车碳排放的高值点分布在城市一环至二环间和三环外的区域,低值点出现二环至三环间和一环内区域。在实际路网上,以环线为单元,越靠近城市中心,小汽车运行情况逐渐变差,平均碳排放因子逐渐升高,单位车辆碳排放增加;以道路等级为单元,主干路和次干路车辆运行情况较好,车辆平均碳排放因子较低,支路上的小汽车碳排放因子最高,而主干路上的碳排放量最大,快速路和高速(国、省)次之,次干路和支路小汽车出行碳排放量最低。利用多元线性回归的方法,对宏观主体的城市空间参数、城市交通参数与小汽车交通出行碳排放的关系分析发现,人口密度、用地多样性、道路网密度等变量对小汽车交通出行碳排放影响显著。人口密度和用地多样性与小汽车交通出行碳排放正相关,而道路网密度则与小汽车交通出行碳排放负相关。针对宏观主体的小汽车交通出行碳排放的轨迹发现,随着环线的递增,环线区域内的交通小区的碳排放量,无论是产生量还是吸引量,均是逐渐增加。一环内的交通小区之间,小汽车出行的路径进分布在一环内,碳排放也只分布在一环内的路网上;一环内交通小区与一环-二环间交通小区之,碳排放仅分布在一环内和一环-二环间的路网上,且在一环内的路网上排放量多于一环-二环间的路网上的排放量;一环-二环间交通小区之间,碳排放仅分布在一环内和一环-二环间的路网上,但在一环-二环间的路网上的排放量远多于在一环内的路网上排放量。对比国内外其他学者在不同城市的交通出行碳排放的研究结果,本文的计算结果在可接受范围内,计算方法可取。本文对于小汽车交通出行的碳排放计算是将城市交通模型与小汽车交通碳排放模型相结合,并且分析了小汽车交通出行碳排放的完整分布特性,是其他研究中没有考虑和应用到的。
[Abstract]:City traffic carbon emissions is one of the three major sources of carbon emissions in the city, and the car is the traffic carbon emission intensity of city traffic mode in the highest car traffic carbon emissions. In order to reveal the distribution in space, to reduce car traffic control traffic overall carbon emissions, carbon emissions, creating a low carbon travel environment. Has the very important significance of the construction of low carbon transportation system. Taking Xi'an city as an example, with the car as the object, constructs the calculation method of car traffic carbon emissions based on city traffic model, and then based on the Xi'an city traffic model and spatial planning of low carbon and 2012 < Xi'an > investigation of basic data processing on the basis of data using CUBE software and ArcGIS software, calculated Xi'an city car traffic carbon emissions by the output of the model checking after the update. From macroscopical and microcosmic point of view, select the different units of analysis, statistical analysis of the distribution of Xi'an city car traffic carbon emissions in space, to explore the trajectory characteristics of car traffic travel carbon emissions, to understand and grasp the city spatial parameters, relationship property and car traffic emissions and city traffic parameters the car traffic. The spatial distribution of the carbon emission characteristics of microcosmic analysis found that car traffic carbon emissions in a spatially inhomogeneous micro subject, but the small car traffic overall carbon emissions is insignificant. Micro small proportion, the car traffic carbon emissions more different family income, different travelers age, gender, occupation and education level, car traffic carbon emissions characteristics The same. For the car traffic emission trajectory microscopic analysis found that a ring area of the car and the car out of the average family car traffic emissions lower than the sample value of the traveler, the other three areas have a car and a car family car traffic travel carbon emissions were higher than the average traveler the residents and the region, to a certain extent, car travel distance. With the increase of the distance of car travel, car makers of carbon emissions are also increasing. Through the analysis of each region found travel path and travel carbon emission factor, carbon emission factors of higher car, car traffic carbon emissions not necessarily high, the travel path more close to the city center, operation of road network is poor, lower speed, the higher the carbon emission factors of the car, the car unit distance Carbon emissions are relatively high. The car traffic analysis found that the spatial distribution of the carbon emission characteristics of macro subject: in the starting point, within the scope of the city traffic peak hour car traffic carbon emissions distribution is not uniform; to link as a unit, high value distribution in the city a ring to ring and ring outside the region car emissions, low value point near to the Sanhuan between and within a ring area. In the actual road link to the Internet, as a unit, the more close to the city center, car operation gradually becomes poor, the average carbon emission factor gradually increased, the increase in carbon emissions per unit of vehicles; road grade for the unit, and the main road road vehicles running in good condition, the average vehicle emissions factor is low, the branch of carbon emission factors of carbon emissions and the highest car, trunk road, expressway and high-speed (country, province) of secondary roads Branch and car minimum carbon emissions. Using the method of multiple linear regression, city spatial parameters on macro subject, analysis of the relationship between city traffic parameters and traffic car carbon emissions, population density, land use diversity, road network density variables on traffic travel carbon emissions significantly. The population density and use the variety of cars and traffic emissions are related, and the density of road network and car traffic carbon emissions is negative. For the car traffic carbon emissions trajectory of the macro subject, with the increasing link, link regional carbon emissions traffic in the area, whether it is still attract amount, are all gradually increased. A ring of traffic, car travel path into distribution in a ring, carbon emissions are only distributed in a ring within a ring road network; traffic The traffic zone area and a ring - ring of carbon emissions is only distributed in a ring and a ring ring between the road network, road network and emissions emissions in a ring of more than one ring ring between the road network; traffic between a ring ring, carbon emissions only the distribution in a ring and a ring ring between the road network, but the emissions in a ring - ring between the road network is far more than the road net emissions in a ring. Compared with other scholars at home and abroad research results in the traffic carbon emissions of different city, the computed results are in acceptable within the scope of calculation. This paper combines the desirable calculation of city traffic model and car traffic carbon emission model for car traffic carbon emissions, and analyzes the car traffic carbon emissions complete distribution is not considered and applied to other research.

【学位授予单位】：长安大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U491.9;X734.2

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