信号控制下路段行人过街行为建模与仿真

发布时间：2018-03-24 02:06

本文选题：信号控制　切入点：路段过街　出处：《东南大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：步行作为城市居民出行的基础方式,始终是任何一次完整出行的源头和终结,在城市居民主要日常出行中的重要地位却未发生改变。我国行人过街闯红灯现象严重,行人的违法过街行为一方面严重威胁自身安全,另一方面也影响了机动车流的运行效率。目前在进行行人过街设施设计评价时,往往忽视了对行人违法过街行为的研究分析,因此在一定程度上可能导致设计的不合理或评价结果的不可靠。因此有必要对行人过街行为进行精细化研究,建立考虑违法行为的信号控制下行人过街模型,并利用该模型对行人设施进行评价和改善。基于此,本文以信号控制下路段行人过街设施为研究对象,通过问卷调查和视频调查相结合的方法进行了实地数据调查工作,深入解析行人过街行为和交通特性。结合调查结果和己有研究,将行人分为守法行人和机会主义行人两类,并通过数据分析得到行人平均过街速度、两类行人比例、机动车和行人到达率等基础数据。在此基础上,建立了信号控制下路段行人过街元胞自动机仿真模型。该模型充分考虑了行人过街过程中的违法行为以及与机动车的交互作用。首先将经典的NaSch模型改进为模拟机动车运动的多格子NaSch模型；将社会力嵌入到行人元胞自动机模型,将典型的行人元胞自动机模型改进为模拟行人运动的社会力元胞自动机模型,并对模型的演化规则进行了阐述。以行人与机动车的博弈关系为切入点,利用行人与机动车的交互作用关系建立了考虑行人违法过街的信号控制下路段行人过街模型。通过参数标定和结果分析,验证了模型的准确性和有效性,并得出：仿真模型中行人违法过街比例略高于实地调查数据；机会主义行人与守法行人相比,平均过街时间更短；行人违法过街行为会导致机动车延误。在工程应用方面,从服务水平评价、行人过街设施改善、行人过街行为管理三个方面说明了仿真模型的实践价值,并结合具体案例说明模型的工程应用价值。
[Abstract]:As the basic way for urban residents to travel, walking is always the source and the end of any complete trip, but the important position in the main daily trip of urban residents has not changed. On the one hand, pedestrian illegal crossing seriously threatens their own safety, on the other hand, it also affects the efficiency of motor vehicle flow. At present, in the design and evaluation of pedestrian crossing facilities, the research and analysis of pedestrian illegal crossing are often neglected. Therefore, to some extent, it may lead to unreasonable design or unreliable evaluation results. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a detailed study on pedestrian crossing behavior and establish a pedestrian crossing model under signal control considering illegal behavior. The model is used to evaluate and improve pedestrian facilities. Based on this, this paper takes pedestrian crossing facilities under signal control as the research object, and carries out field data investigation by means of questionnaire survey and video survey. Deeply analyze pedestrian crossing behavior and traffic characteristics. Combined with investigation results and previous studies, pedestrians are divided into two categories: law-abiding pedestrians and opportunistic pedestrians. Through data analysis, the average pedestrian crossing speed and the ratio of the two types of pedestrians are obtained. Basic data such as vehicle and pedestrian arrival rates. On this basis, The cellular automata simulation model of pedestrian crossing on road under signal control is established. The model fully considers the illegal behavior of pedestrian crossing and the interaction between pedestrian and motor vehicle. Firstly, the classical NaSch model is improved to simulate. Multi-grid NaSch model of motor vehicle motion; The social force is embedded into the pedestrian cellular automata model, and the typical pedestrian cellular automata model is improved to simulate the pedestrian movement. The evolutionary rules of the model are expounded. The game relationship between pedestrians and motor vehicles is taken as the breakthrough point. Based on the interaction between pedestrians and motor vehicles, a pedestrian crossing model under signal control considering pedestrian illegal crossing is established. The accuracy and validity of the model are verified by parameter calibration and result analysis. The results show that the proportion of pedestrians crossing the street illegally in the simulation model is slightly higher than that of the field survey data; the average crossing time of opportunistic pedestrians is shorter than that of law-abiding pedestrians; the pedestrian illegal crossing behavior will lead to vehicle delay. The practical value of the simulation model is illustrated from three aspects: the evaluation of service level, the improvement of pedestrian crossing facilities and the management of pedestrian crossing behavior, and the engineering application value of the model is illustrated with concrete cases.
【学位授予单位】：东南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U491

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