公路工程施工现场平面布置的优化研究

发布时间：2018-03-31 16:29

本文选题：平面布置　切入点：优化研究　出处：《重庆交通大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：公路工程建设项目近几年迅猛发展,每年的建设规模和建设数量都在不停地增长,人们在施工过程不断积累施工经验。施工经验在许多时候都可以使得人们在施工过程中事半功倍,也有利于施工工作更加顺利进行,但经验也容易产生不良影响,施工现场平面布置问题就是其中的一个例子。公路工程施工现场平面布置作为施工组织设计的重要组成部分,对公路工程施工有着重要的指导作用,但在实际施工过程中往往没得到足够的重视,导致一些工程项目付出了额外的施工成本,而这在很大程度上是由于过度依赖于以往的施工经验造成的。通过查阅相关文献和笔者的施工经验,分析了目前施工现场平面布置存在的主要问题,即施工现场的平面布置方案制定的依据不够充分、方案的规范度和标准度不足、布置方案容易与实际施工脱节,进而导致布置方案未能得到足够的重视。针对上述问题,进一步查阅国内外资料,整理归纳国内外学者在施工平面布置优化问题中的研究内容与研究观点,同时从理论上阐述了施工平面布置的实质含义、意义及依据等。剖析施工现场平面布置问题的实质,发现其应属于二次分配问题,并结合工程项目管理的主要目标,将最小化建设成本设定为优化模型的目标函数。在此基础上对比分析各类优化方法,发现遗传算法在优化问题的处理中有着其他方法无法比拟的优势,故提出了采用遗传算法解决施工平面布置的优化问题。针对该算法可能出现多个最优解的情况,进一步寻找多方案的评价决策方法,为最大限度地避免人为主观因素对评价结果产生的不良影响,本文提出了基于隶属度的熵值权重模糊综合评价法,用于解决多个优化方案“优中选优”的问题。最后,通过工程实际案例对文中提出的优化模型及优化方法进行验证。从案例分析中发现,利用遗传算法求解优化模型,得到的优化方案较原方案建设成本节约了13%,说明了该方法在施工现场平面布置优化问题中的适用性。
[Abstract]:The rapid development of highway construction projects in recent years, the number of construction scale and the annual increase constantly, people continue to accumulate construction experience in the construction process. The construction experience can make people with in the construction process in many times, but also conducive to the construction work more smoothly, but also easy to experience adverse effects an example of layout problem, the construction site is one of the highway engineering construction site layout. As an important part of the construction organization design, has an important guiding role for highway construction, but in the actual construction process often didn't get enough attention, resulting in some engineering project construction cost to pay extra. This is largely due to excessive dependence caused by the construction experience. The construction experience of the literature review and the author's analysis At present the main problems exist in the construction site layout, construction site layout plan formulated on the basis of inadequate, norms and standard scheme is insufficient, easy layout scheme and the actual construction line, resulting in layout scheme failed to get enough attention. In view of the above problems, further access to information at home and abroad, summarizes the domestic and foreign scholars in the construction layout optimization research content and ideas in essence and the meaning of the construction layout, expounds the significance, and on the basis of substantive issues. Analysis of flat surface layout construction site, found that it should belong to the two distribution problems, combined with the main goal of the project management, minimize construction the cost of setting optimization model for the objective function. All kinds of optimization methods of comparative analysis based on the genetic algorithm in solving optimization problems found There are other methods can not match advantage, is proposed to solve the optimization problem of construction layout by genetic algorithm. The algorithm may have multiple optimal solutions, for further evaluation and decision method of multi scheme, to the maximum to avoid subjective due to adverse effects on the evaluation results, this paper puts forward the entropy weight of membership based on fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, used to solve multiple optimization "optimization" problem. Finally, through the actual case to verify the optimization model and optimization method proposed in this paper. From the case analysis, using genetic algorithm to solve the optimization model, the optimization scheme. 13% save construction costs compared with the original scheme, illustrates the method in the construction site layout optimization for the problem.

【学位授予单位】：重庆交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U415

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