公路景观对停车视距的影响研究

发布时间：2018-04-04 01:00

本文选题：交通安全　切入点：停车视距　出处：《昆明理工大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：公路景观是公路交通系统的重要组成部分,公路景观设计不仅涉及到美学,还能影响到交通安全。过去有研究表明,公路景观对驾驶员特性会产生一定的影响。因此,开展公路景观对驾驶特性的影响研究,可为公路行车安全评价和景观设计提供借鉴和参考。反应时间是驾驶员的重要特性之一,也是计算停车视距的一个重要参数。景观会影响驾驶员的心理和生理特性,必然会影响驾驶员的反应时间,进而影响到停车视距。因此,通过研究驾驶员的制动反应时间可以完善不同公路景观下的停车视距模型。本课题采用KMRTDS驾驶模拟系统平台和眼动仪,针对公路景观对驾驶员行为特性的影响,在景观分类基础上,对不同类型景观下驾驶员的制动反应时间进行了模拟实验研究,并根据实验结果确定了不同公路景观的停车视距模型。首先,基于道路交通系统的人、车、路和环境等分析停车视距的影响因素,重点分析了驾驶员在不同交通环境下的制动反应时间对停车视距的影响。结合车辆的制动过程,在现有停车视距模型分析的基础上,提出了基于公路景观的停车视距模型修正。利用实验室开发的一套车载式公路景观采集系统,实时采集公路景观信息。从驾驶员制动反应时间出发,结合组成公路景观的要素、道路线形和景观空间形态,将所采集的公路景观进行了八种分类。其次,根据采集的公路景观信息,利用VSDesign情境设计软件建立三维场景,选取24名驾驶员为实验对象,在实验室开发研制的KMRTDS驾驶模拟系统平台进行不同景观下驾驶员的制动反应模拟实验,获取了驾驶员制动反应时间。此外,为探究景观与驾驶员制动反应时间的关系,以问卷调查的方式获取了受试者的心理、生理以及驾驶行为等方面的信息,并选取部分受试者佩戴眼动仪进行实验以获取眼动数据。再次,运用基本统计方法对不同景观下驾驶员的制动反应特性进行分析,确定了基于公路景观的驾驶员制动反应时间。为探究公路景观与制动反应时间的影响关系,结合眼动数据和问卷调查结果,对不同景观的驾驶员注视时间、注视区域、轨迹偏差和生理心理指标等进行分析。结果表明：不同景观空间和公路线形对驾驶员的制动反应时间有显著性影响,其中弯道全封闭景观空间的驾驶员制动反应时间最短,直线全开敞景观空间的驾驶员制动反应时间最长；不同景观的制动反应时间差异主要由驾驶员在不同景观下的注意力不同而导致,与受试者的年龄、性别等关系不大,且不受景观类型与受试者的年龄、性别、性格、驾龄以及驾驶习惯等交互影响。最后,根据前文修正的停车视距模型,结合实验确定的基于公路景观的驾驶员制动反应时间值,得到了不同景观的停车视距,并与现阶段已存在的停车视距进行对比分析。本课题通过探究不同公路景观下驾驶员的制动反应特性,进而实现对公路景观与停车视距的影响研究。研究结果不仅完善了停车视距模型,还能定量评价公路景观的安全性,改善不利景观,提高道路交通安全。
[Abstract]:The highway landscape is an important part of highway transportation system, highway landscape design is not only related to the aesthetic, but also affect the traffic safety. Past studies have shown that the highway landscape will have a certain impact on the driver's characteristics. Therefore, to carry out highway landscape on the influence of driving characteristics, and can provide the reference for the evaluation of highway traffic safety and landscape design. The reaction time is one of the important characteristics of the driver, is also an important parameter calculation of parking. The landscape will affect the psychological and physiological characteristics of drivers, will affect the reaction time of the driver, thereby affecting the parking. Therefore, the study of the driver's brake reaction time can improve the parking model of highway landscape. This paper uses KMRTDS driving simulation system platform and eye tracker, for road landscape on the driver's behavior influence, in On the basis of landscape classification, the brake reaction time of different types of landscape drivers were investigated, and determine the parking model of different highway landscape according to the experimental results. Firstly, the road traffic system, based on the vehicle, road and environment factors analysis of parking, analyzed the influence of driver's brake reaction time in different traffic conditions of parking. Combined with the vehicle braking process, based on analyzing the existing parking model, proposed a modified parking model of highway landscape based on the use of laboratory. The development of a set of vehicle highway landscape acquisition system, real-time acquisition of road landscape information. Starting from the driver's brake reaction time, combining elements of highway landscape, road alignment and landscape, road landscape collected from eight kinds of classification. Secondly, root According to the road landscape information acquisition, the establishment of three-dimensional scene using VSDesign scenario design software, select 24 drivers as the experimental object, in the development of laboratory KMRTDS driving simulation system platform for brake response of different landscape driver simulation experiment, obtained the driver brake reaction time. In addition, to explore the relationship between the landscape and the driver's brake reaction time, by way of questionnaire investigation to obtain participants' psychological, physiological and driving behavior information, and select the part of the subjects to wear eye tracking experiments to obtain the eye movement data. Thirdly, analysis of reaction characteristics by using basic statistical methods for different landscape drivers, determine the driver's brake the reaction time of highway landscape. It is based on effect of highway landscape and brake reaction time, check the results with the eye movement data and questionnaire, The different landscape of fixation time, fixation area, analyze the trajectory deviation and the physiological and psychological indexes. The results showed that there were significant effects of brake reaction time of different landscape space and road alignment on the driver, the driver turn closed brake reaction time landscape is the shortest, the driver brake reaction time line full open space landscape the longest; brake reaction time difference of different landscape is mainly composed of drivers in different landscape under different attention caused, and the age of the subjects, not gender relations, and is not affected by the landscape types and subjects' age, gender, personality, driving and driving habits and other interactive effects. Finally, according to the parking the horizon correction model described above, combined with the experimentally determined braking reaction time of highway landscape based on the values obtained for different landscape parking sight distances, and now The horizon stopping stage are analyzed. This research by exploring the reaction characteristics of different highway landscape under the driver, and then realize the effect of the road landscape and parking. The research results not only improve the parking safety of the highway landscape evaluation model, but also quantitatively, improve the unfavorable landscape, improve road traffic safety.

【学位授予单位】：昆明理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U491.25

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