出行方式链成本测算方法研究

发布时间：2018-04-08 10:13

本文选题：出行成本　切入点：出行方式链　出处：《浙江大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着城市社会经济的快速发展,交通拥堵问题日趋常态化、网络化,而缓解拥堵的一个重要手段是合理优化交通出行结构。由于出行成本是出行决策的决定性因素之一,直接影响出行方式选择行为,因此进行有效的出行成本分析能够影响并改变交通出行结构。目前,众多学者在对出行成本的研究上已取得一定的成果,但随着出行方式的多样化及出行距离的增加,一次出行不再仅有一种出行方式,还存在出行方式链。然而对于出行方式链成本的研究相对有限,尚不能为制定科学合理的交通决策提供支持。鉴于此,本文从单一出行方式的成本研究出发,采用SP与RP调查相结合的问卷方法标定相关参数,在此基础上建立出行方式链成本测算模型。具体内容如下： (1)为建立单一出行方式成本测算模型,分析单一出行方式的成本构成。并采用SP和RP调查相结合的方法进行调查问卷,标定出行时间价值、时间可靠性价值和车内拥挤时间价值。在此基础上,从出行费用和时间成本两方面入手建立成本测算模型,从而确定单一出行方式的出行成本。 (2)探究出行方式链的概念及内涵,得到出行方式链的成本构成。重点研究出行方式间的换乘成本,换乘自身的“负效用”成本是利用双边界模型测算得到,而利用出行方式的到达时间分布建立换乘等待时间函数得到换乘可靠性成本。结合单一出行方式成本测算模型和换乘成本分析,建立出行方式链成本测算模型。 (3)以杭州市为实际案例城市,简述城市居民出行现状。量化单一出行方式的出行成本和出行方式链的出行成本。结果表明,小汽车的出行成本最高,但若不考虑车辆购置成本及保险费用等,其出行成本与公共汽车相当；若只考虑主要的出行方式而非出行方式链,则出行成本结果偏低,导致交通政策的制定存在偏差,无法最大化地实现政策效用。进而提出杭州市居民出行结构优化建议。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of urban society and economy, traffic congestion is becoming more and more regular and networked. One of the most important ways to alleviate congestion is to optimize the traffic structure reasonably.As travel cost is one of the decisive factors in travel decision-making, it directly affects the behavior of travel mode selection, so effective travel cost analysis can influence and change the structure of traffic travel.At present, many scholars have made some achievements in the study of travel cost. However, with the diversification of travel modes and the increase of travel distance, there is no longer only one trip mode at a trip, but also a trip mode chain.However, the research on the cost of travel mode chain is relatively limited, which can not provide support for making scientific and reasonable traffic decision.In view of this, this paper starts from the cost research of single trip mode, uses the questionnaire method of SP and RP to calibrate the relevant parameters, and then establishes the cost calculation model of trip mode chain.The details are as follows:In order to establish the cost calculation model of single trip mode, the cost composition of single trip mode is analyzed.The method of SP and RP is used to carry out the questionnaire to calibrate the value of travel time, time reliability and crowded time.On this basis, the cost calculation model is established from the two aspects of travel cost and time cost, so as to determine the travel cost of a single trip mode.2) explore the concept and connotation of trip mode chain, and get the cost structure of trip mode chain.This paper focuses on the transfer cost between trip modes. The "negative utility" cost of the transfer itself is calculated by using the two-boundary model, and the reliability cost of the transfer is obtained by establishing the transfer waiting time function by using the arrival time distribution of the trip mode.Combined with the cost calculation model of single trip mode and the analysis of transfer cost, the cost calculation model of trip mode chain is established.Taking Hangzhou as the actual case city, the current situation of urban residents' travel is briefly described.It quantifies the travel cost of single trip mode and the trip cost of trip mode chain.The results show that the travel cost of the car is the highest, but if the cost of vehicle purchase and insurance is not considered, the travel cost is equivalent to that of the bus, and if only the main mode of travel rather than the mode chain is considered, the result of travel cost is low.As a result, there is a deviation in the formulation of traffic policy, which can not maximize the effectiveness of the policy.And then put forward the Hangzhou residents travel structure optimization suggestions.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U491.12

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