合乘优先条件下城市道路混合交通流的建模及仿真

发布时间：2018-04-09 23:12

本文选题：交通工程　切入点：合乘优先　出处：《北京交通大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着城市人口和机动车数量的增加,有限的道路资源越来越难以满足城市居民旺盛的出行需求。作为一种新兴的出行方式,合乘出行在国外交通需求管理实践中已被证明是缓解拥堵、调控需求的有效手段之一为了探索合乘出行及合乘优先在我国城市推广的可行性,本文应用交通流元胞自动机理论建模并仿真分析合乘优先条件下城市道路混合交通流的运行状况,模型效果评价中兼顾燃油消耗和尾气排放指标,对比在路段和交叉口应用合乘优先与否情况下的交通效益。本研究主要包括以下内容： (1)详细分析了合乘出行及合乘优先的影响因素,建立了包括交通运行、燃油消耗、尾气排放在内的城市道路混合交通流运行效果评价指标体系。其中,交通运行指标主要考虑了交通流量、平均运行速度、车辆延误和排队长度。 (2)深入剖析了车辆跟驰和换道行为,根据非线性刺激反应理论计算加速度,改进了经典元胞自动机模型,提出了谨慎驾驶跟驰模型;推导了考虑前后车车型和速度差的车辆自由换道概率计算公式,构建了无专用车道、有公交车道且只允许公交通行、有公交车道并允许合乘小汽车通行三种交通管理措施下的路段交通流元胞自动机模型。在此基础上,对上述三种情况下的交通效益进行了仿真对比。仿真结果表明,合乘优先措施下路段的交通运行效益最佳。 (3)详细描述了平面信号交叉口进口道的车辆运行行为,将进口道细分为近端禁止换道段、中间段频繁换道段和远端路段,推导了考虑车辆转向需求和车道属性的车辆强制换道概率计算公式,制定了交织区各流向车流的运行和演化规则,构建了平面信号交叉口的分段交通流元胞自动机模型。在此基础上,对单个交叉口红灯早断式合乘优先信号的控制方式及效果进行了仿真分析。仿真结果表明,改用合乘优先信号控制后,交叉口的交通流量和平均车速都有提升。 (4)分别选取京开高速马家楼北段和北京中关村大街——知春路/海淀南路交叉口作为实例进行模型的有效性分析,仿真结果与实测数据贴合较好。在此基础上,应用模型进行合乘优先与否条件下的交通仿真。仿真结果表明,当合乘率为25%时,实施合乘优先会使高峰期间路段的交通流量增加1.49%,平均速度增大7.19%,车均油耗下降4.95%,车均排放下降4.47%；交叉口交通流量将增加4.33%,平均速度增大2.75%,平均排队长度下降14.88%,平均延误减少4.81%,车均油耗下降3.73%,车均排放下降3.98%。
[Abstract]:With the increase of urban population and the number of motor vehicles, the limited road resources are more and more difficult to meet the exuberant travel demand of urban residents.As a new travel mode, commutative travel has been proved to be one of the effective means to alleviate congestion and control demand in the practice of foreign traffic demand management.In order to explore the feasibility of co-rider trip and co-rider priority in Chinese cities, this paper applies the cellular automata theory of traffic flow to model and simulate the operation of urban road mixed traffic flow under the condition of co-rider priority.In the evaluation of model effect, both fuel consumption and exhaust emission index are taken into account, and the traffic efficiency is compared under the condition of priority or not in road sections and intersections.This research mainly includes the following contents:In this paper, the factors influencing the combined travel and the priority of co-rider are analyzed in detail, and the evaluation index system of the operation effect of the mixed traffic flow on urban roads including traffic operation, fuel consumption and exhaust emission is established.Among them, traffic flow, average speed, vehicle delay and queue length are considered.(2) the following and changing behaviors of vehicle are deeply analyzed, the acceleration is calculated according to the theory of nonlinear stimulus response, the classical cellular automata model is improved, and the discreet driving following model is put forward.In this paper, the formula for calculating the free change probability of vehicles considering the vehicle type and speed difference between front and back is derived. There is no special lane, there are bus lanes and only public transportation is allowed.A cellular automata model of road traffic flow with bus lanes and three traffic management measures.On this basis, the traffic efficiency under the above three conditions is simulated and compared.The simulation results show that the traffic operation benefit is the best under the combined passenger priority measures.In this paper, the vehicle operation behavior of the entrance road at the signalized intersection is described in detail. The entrance lane is subdivided into the near end no changing section, the middle section frequently changing the lane section and the far end section.In this paper, the calculation formula of vehicle forced change probability considering vehicle steering demand and lane attribute is derived, and the operation and evolution rules of each direction of vehicle flow in interlaced area are established, and the cellular automata model of segmented traffic flow at signalized intersection is constructed.On this basis, the control mode and effect of the red light early break priority signal at a single intersection are simulated and analyzed.The simulation results show that both the traffic flow and the average speed of the intersection are increased.4) the validity of the model is analyzed by selecting the north section of Jingkai Expressway Majialou and the intersection of Zhongguancun Street-Zhichun Road / Haidian South Road as examples, and the simulation results are in good agreement with the measured data.On the basis of this, the traffic simulation under the condition of co-rider priority or not is carried out by using the model.The simulation results show that when the multiplication rate is 25,The implementation of the combined passenger priority will increase the traffic flow at the peak period by 1.49, increase the average speed by 7.19, reduce the average fuel consumption by 4.95 percent, reduce the average vehicle emissions by 4.47 percent, increase the traffic flow at the intersection by 4.33, increase the average speed by 2.75, and reduce the average queue length by 14.88 percent.The average delay decreased 4.81%, the average fuel consumption decreased 3.73%, and the average vehicle emission decreased 3.98%.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U491

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