基于IC卡数据的定制公交线路优化

发布时间：2018-04-10 00:10

本文选题：定制公交　切入点：IC卡数据　出处：《北京交通大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：为了缓解大城市和特大城市地面交通拥堵状况,满足乘客多元化出行需求,一种基于需求响应的公共交通服务应运而生,即为定制公交,它为出行者提供了快速高效直达的舒适性服务。然而,当下定制公交服务平台需求获取方法单一,以致存在众多潜在需求;而考虑到公交运营商的经济利益,导致定制公交的线路设置、开行方案及运营模式的不合理,造成供不应求、资源浪费、服务水平下降等问题。随着大数据时代的到来,交通大数据为智能交通的发展带来了新的机遇。本文通过IC卡数据获取乘客出行信息,分析研究乘客出行特征,根据出行特点进行定制公交线路优化设计,旨在为定制公交的线路设计提供理论支持,目的是满足乘客出行需求,减少出行时间并兼顾运营商利益,实现多元化公共交通系统中的高效直达服务。论文主要工作和创新点如下:(1)基于IC卡数据的需求获取研究。依据公交IC卡数据、公交站点信息和公交线路信息,通过将数据进行融合,运用数据预处理、出行链OD测算方法、站点匹配算法及OD站点识别算法等手段获取乘客出行信息,对站点间的客流量进行统计,得到客流OD矩阵;并获取早高峰时段客流量数据,为定制公交线路开行与优化提供数据支撑。(2)乘客出行特征分析研究依据数据处理得到的OD数据,进行乘客出行空间特征分析研究,通过计算乘客出行距离、各时段站点客流等数据,结合站点信息绘制起讫点分布图、站点流量图、运距分布图、客流源汇区和OD流图,依据图像总结乘客出行规律,发现早高峰客流源区集中在城市外围的住宅区域,汇区多为商业区及地铁站,流向呈四周向中心汇集,且客流量在时间及空间分布上较为集中,适合开行定制公交。(3)定制公交的线路优化研究基于乘客出行特征对定制公交线路优化进行建模,依据站点客流量设计定制公交开行标准,从出行者利益和定制公交运营系统的角度出发,以出行者出行成本最小、运营商运营成本最小为目标建模,考虑定制公交"直达、零换乘"的特点,结合车辆数、线路长度、车型配置、停靠站点数等影响因素设置约束条件。在算例求解中,分别采用遗传算法和分支切割法验证算法有效性,并针对实际客流情况,采用遗传算法进行线路优化求解及数值结果分析,分析结果表明车速、停靠站点数及线路长度对结果均有影响,文章最后通过相关指标进行路网优化性能评价,结果表明本文所采用的线路优化方法在满足乘客出行的基础上,可有效减少运营商运营成本。
[Abstract]:In order to alleviate the ground traffic congestion in large cities and mega-cities and meet the diversified travel needs of passengers, a kind of public transport service based on demand response emerged as the times require, that is, customized public transport.It provides a fast, efficient and direct comfort service for travelers.However, the demand acquisition method of customized bus service platform is single, and there are many potential needs. Considering the economic interests of public transport operators, it leads to the unreasonable route setting, operation plan and operation mode of customized public transportation.Causes the supply to exceed the demand, the resources waste, the service level drops and so on question.With the arrival of big data era, traffic big data brings new opportunities for the development of intelligent transportation.This paper obtains passenger travel information through IC card data, analyzes and studies passenger travel characteristics, and optimizes the design of customized bus lines according to the travel characteristics, in order to provide theoretical support for the route design of customized public transport.The purpose is to meet the passenger travel demand, reduce travel time and take into account the interests of operators, and realize efficient direct service in diversified public transport systems.The main work and innovation of this paper are as follows: 1) the research of demand acquisition based on IC card data.According to bus IC card data, bus station information and bus line information, passenger travel information is obtained by means of data pre-processing, travel chain OD calculation method, station matching algorithm and OD station identification algorithm.According to the statistics of passenger flow between stations, the OD matrix of passenger flow is obtained, and the data of passenger flow during the morning rush hour is obtained, which provides data support for the operation and optimization of customized bus lines.) the analysis of passenger travel characteristics is based on the OD data obtained by data processing.Through the analysis of passenger travel space characteristics, through the calculation of passenger travel distance, station passenger flow data, combined with the site information to draw the distribution of point, station flow, distance distribution, passenger flow source area and OD flow map,According to the pattern of passenger travel, it is found that the source area of early peak passenger flow is concentrated in the residential area outside the city, the converging area is mostly commercial district and subway station, and the flow direction is gathered around the center, and the passenger flow is concentrated in time and space distribution.Research on route optimization of custom-made public transport based on passenger travel characteristics, the customized bus route optimization is modeled and customized bus operation standard is designed according to the passenger flow of the station.From the point of view of travelers' interests and customized bus operation system, taking the minimum travel cost of travelers and the minimum operating cost of operators as the objective modeling, considering the characteristics of "direct, zero transfer" of custom public transport, combined with the number of vehicles, the length of the line,Vehicle configuration, number of stops and other factors to set constraints.In the example solving, the genetic algorithm and the branch cutting method are used to verify the validity of the algorithm, and the genetic algorithm is used to solve the route optimization problem and the numerical results are analyzed according to the actual passenger flow. The analysis results show that the speed of the algorithm is very high.The number of stops and the length of the line have an effect on the results. Finally, the performance evaluation of the road network optimization is carried out through the relevant indicators. The results show that the route optimization method adopted in this paper is based on the passenger travel.Can effectively reduce operator operating costs.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U491.17

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