震后应急期道路抢修与物资运输联合调度

发布时间：2018-04-20 07:25

本文选题：灾后响应 + 应急物流　；参考：《上海交通大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：受损道路抢修和救援物资运输是震后应急工作的重心之一,其中救援物资的及时送达更是保障灾区人民生命安全的关键。但在实际工作中,道路抢修计划和物资运输计划通常由不同决策部门分开制定,没能充分考虑到这两者间的相互作用,容易造成将有限抢修资源分配到非关键灾点而导致紧急救援物资运输的延迟。因此本文针对资源短缺情况下的震后应急期道路抢修与救援物资运输问题,通过简化灾点于路网中的复杂拓扑关系,借助时空网络,建立了一个适用于任意灾点位置与数量的部分道路优先抢修与物资运输的联合调度模型,用以优化应急救援物资的运输。该模型松弛了现有研究中修复全部灾点的限制,允许在资源有限情况下进行部分灾点的优先抢修,同时还将震后恶劣天气对抢修工作效率的影响和各需求点的不同紧迫度纳入了考虑。针对该类混合整数规划使用分支限界法求解效率低下的问题,本文设计了一种类蚁群混合搜索启发式算法,能够在短时间内求解该模型得到近似最优解。进一步考虑震后恶劣天气预测的不确定性,本文首次引入灾点动态优先性的概念,在本文模型与启发式算法的基础上利用蒙特卡洛仿真给出了一种评价灾点动态优先性的方法。最后,通过汶川大地震中安县的实例分析,证明了本文所提联合调度模型、启发式算法和仿真方法的有效性和实用性。
[Abstract]:The repair of damaged roads and the transportation of relief materials are one of the focus of emergency work after the earthquake. The timely delivery of relief materials is the key to ensuring the life and safety of the people in the disaster area. However, in the actual work, the road repair plan and the material transportation plan are usually separated by different decision-making departments, which can not fully take into account the mutual relationship between the two. It is easy to cause the delay of distributing the limited emergency repair resources to the non critical disaster points and causing the delay of the transportation of emergency relief materials. Therefore, in this paper, the problem of emergency repair and relief materials transportation in the emergency period of the earthquake in the case of shortage of resources, by simplifying the complex topological relation in the road network, and using the space-time network, has been established. In order to optimize the transportation of emergency relief materials, this model relaxes the limitation of repairing all the disaster points in the existing research, allowing for the priority repair of some disaster points under the limited resources and the bad weather after the earthquake to the repair workers. The effect of efficiency and the different urgency of each demand point are taken into consideration. In order to solve the problem of inefficiency by using the branch and limit method for this kind of mixed integer programming, a kind of ant colony optimization algorithm is designed in this paper, which can get the near optimal solution in a short time. Further consideration is given to the bad weather preearthquake. In this paper, the concept of dynamic priority of disaster points is introduced for the first time. On the basis of this model and heuristic algorithm, a method for evaluating the dynamic priority of the disaster point is given by Monte Carlo simulation. Finally, through an example of an earthquake in an County of Wenchuan, the combined scheduling model and heuristic algorithm proposed in this paper are demonstrated. And the effectiveness and practicability of the simulation method.

【学位授予单位】：上海交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U492.22;U418

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