基于微观仿真的航站楼前车道边排放及对行人影响分析

发布时间：2018-04-23 05:06

本文选题：航站楼前车道边 + 微观交通仿真　；参考：《北京交通大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：航空客流的迅猛增长给很多机场航站楼前车道边带来了前所未有的压力,产生了诸如交通拥堵、交通秩序混乱以及机动车排放引起的机场周边区域空气污染等问题。同时机场航站楼前车道边作为旅客大量聚集的地方,机动车排放的污染物必然也会对来往机场的旅客健康造成直接威胁。解决机场航站楼前车道边排放污染问题的基础是精确量化各种运行方案及交通状态下的排放量以及对行人的影响。鉴于此,本文拟建立车道边行人受机动车排放影响的分析方法,其中由于排放的测算对车辆交通运行特性极为敏感,所以还建立针对机场航站楼前车道边复杂交通运行状况、面向排放测算的微观交通仿真模型,并在首都国际机场对所建模型进行实例应用。首先,设计机场航站楼前车道边的交通数据采集方法,包括收集体现静态特征的交通基础数据以及体现动态特征的车辆和行人交通数据。最终通过跟车“转圈”得到浮动车轨迹数据,采集得到车辆的停车间距、停车时间、行程时间,以及行人的行程时间、取放行李时间和可接受时间间隙。其次,设计基于交通仿真的“排放测算—污染物扩散—行人暴露”模型的分析方法,来分析车道边行人受机动车排放影响。首先利用机动车比功率(VSP)变量通过工况数据建立基于航站楼前车道边仿真的排放测算模型。然后通过扩散模型模拟得到机场航站楼前车道边区域污染物浓度的分布情况,并通过分析行人对污染物暴露的时空分布,建立行人暴露模型,评估分析机动车污染物对于行人健康的影响。再次,建立面向排放测算的航站楼前车道边微观交通仿真模型,并在数据采集的基础上重点考虑车辆在航站楼前车道边均需路边停靠和人车交织频繁的现象,对仿真模型中的重要参数的分布进行标定。参数标定后发现仿真模型的精度明显提高,行程时间的仿真误差均控制在5%以内,此外,输出和实测的VSPBin分布展现同样的规律,因此表明标定后的模型可以模拟航站楼前车道边的实际运行情况并用于尾气排放的测算。最后,以首都国际机场T3航站楼出发层为研究区域,运用车道边行人受机动车排放影响的分析方法对3分钟限时停车改进方案进行评估。分析发现,改进方案与现状方案相比行程时间大幅下降27.4%,平均延误缩短9.8%,因此有效的提高了通行效率。此外,改进方案在怠速运行模式下降低了 50.51%污染物小时排放量,CO、NOx、HC排放因子分别降低了 4.51%、6.57%、15.02%,可以看出改进方案可以有效减少机动车排放污染物。最后,用扩散模型模拟三种污染物的扩散分布,结合行人在航站楼前车道边的暴露时间分布,发现采取改进方案后,尽管人行横道等待时间有小幅增加,但由于各污染物的排放得到有效的减少,因此总体的暴露得到了显著下降,行人CO、NOx、HC污染物的暴露量和行人吸入剂量分别降低了 4.47%,6.64%和 16.37%。
[Abstract]:The rapid growth of air passenger flow has brought unprecedented pressure to the front lanes of many airport terminals, which has brought problems such as traffic congestion, traffic disorder and air pollution around the airport caused by motor vehicle emissions. At the same time, the front lane of the airport terminal as a large number of passengers gathered, vehicle emissions will inevitably pose a direct threat to the health of passengers to and from the airport. The basis of solving the pollution problem of the front lane of airport terminal is to accurately quantify the emissions under various operation schemes and traffic conditions and the impact on pedestrians. In view of this, this paper intends to establish the analysis method of lane pedestrian affected by vehicle emission. Because the calculation of the emission is very sensitive to the traffic characteristics of the vehicle, the paper also establishes the complex traffic operation situation in front of the front lane of the airport terminal. The microscopic traffic simulation model for emission measurement is applied to the model at Capital International Airport. Firstly, the traffic data collection method of the front lane of the airport terminal building is designed, including the basic traffic data which reflects the static characteristics and the traffic data of vehicles and pedestrians that reflect the dynamic characteristics. Finally, the track data of the floating vehicle are obtained by turning with the car, and the parking spacing, stopping time, travel time, pedestrian travel time, baggage taking time and acceptable time interval of the vehicle are collected. Secondly, based on traffic simulation, an analysis method of "emissions measurement-pollutant diffusion-pedestrian exposure" model is designed to analyze the effect of vehicle emissions on pedestrians in driveway. Firstly, the emission measurement model based on the simulation of the front carriageway side of the terminal building is established by using the VSPV variable of the vehicle ratio. Then the distribution of pollutant concentration in the front carriageway of airport terminal is simulated by diffusion model, and the pedestrian exposure model is established by analyzing the temporal and spatial distribution of pedestrian exposure to pollutants. Evaluate and analyze the impact of vehicle pollutants on pedestrian health. Thirdly, the microscopic traffic simulation model for the front lane of the terminal building is established, and the phenomenon that the vehicle needs the roadside parking and the frequent intertwining of people and vehicles on the front lane of the terminal building is considered on the basis of the data collection. The distribution of important parameters in the simulation model is calibrated. After parameter calibration, it is found that the precision of the simulation model is obviously improved, and the simulation error of travel time is controlled within 5%. In addition, the output and the measured VSPBin distribution show the same rule. It is shown that the calibrated model can simulate the actual operation of the front lane of the terminal and be used to measure the exhaust emission. Finally, taking the departure floor of Terminal T3 of Capital International Airport as the study area, the improved scheme of 3-minute time-limited parking is evaluated by using the analysis method of lane pedestrian affected by motor vehicle emissions. It is found that compared with the present scheme, the travel time of the improved scheme is significantly reduced by 27.4and the average delay is shortened by 9.8. therefore, the traffic efficiency is improved effectively. In addition, the improved scheme can reduce the hourly emission of pollutants by 50.51% in idle mode and reduce the emission factor of COHNOxHC by 4.51% 6.570.02, respectively. It can be seen that the improved scheme can effectively reduce the emission of pollutants from motor vehicles. Finally, the diffusion model is used to simulate the diffusion distribution of three kinds of pollutants, combined with the exposure time distribution of pedestrians in the front lane of the terminal building, and it is found that after adopting the improved scheme, the waiting time of the crosswalk is slightly increased. However, due to the effective reduction of the discharge of each pollutant, the total exposure to CONOxHC was significantly decreased, and the exposure amount of CONOxHC pollutants and the inhaled dose of pedestrian were decreased by 4.476.64% and 16.3737% respectively.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U491

【参考文献】