高速公路重型货车与轿车驾驶疲劳评价分析

发布时间：2018-04-25 21:29

本文选题：驾驶疲劳 + 重型长途货运汽车　；参考：《东北农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着我国汽车保有量的不断增加和交通运输行业的不断发展,道路交通事故日益成为一个严重的社会问题。驾驶疲劳是造成交通事故,特别是高速公路事故和夜间追尾事故最主要的原因之一。故研究驾驶疲劳,指导驾驶员安全驾驶,合理安排驾驶时间刻不容缓。然而目前对于汽车驾驶疲劳的研究以进行室内驾驶模拟试验为主,缺少实时道路跟车试验,特别是缺少针对高速公路重型长途货运汽车驾驶的研究。为了研究高速公路汽车驾驶疲劳,本文选取重型长途货运汽车和小轿车作为大型车和小型车的代表,进行实时道路跟车试验,分析重型长途货运汽车和小轿车高速公路驾驶疲劳情况。本文运用人机工程学理论,通过测试重型长途货运汽车和小轿车驾驶员在高速公路驾驶时的心率、反应时间和主观疲劳,对驾驶员紧张度、疲劳综合评价值和驾驶时间安全阈值展开研究,获得以下结论:(1)驾驶总质量和总尺寸较大的货车车型,驾驶员心率增加量和心率增加率较大,心率变异系数较小,紧张度较高。驾驶车型为解放牌仓栅式半挂车的驾驶员心率增加率为32.9%,超过30.0%,故驾驶时须小心谨慎,驾驶时间不宜过长。驾驶仓栅式载货车属于轻级劳动强度,驾驶半挂车属于中级劳动强度。随着货车总质量和车身长度的增大,呈现轻级劳动强度频度减小,中级及较重级劳动强度频度增大,疲劳综合评价值增高的趋势。(2)通过对各驾驶员不同时刻的心率标准差进行分析,确定重型长途货运汽车驾驶员安全驾驶的时间阈值为3.0h,建议驾驶员连续驾驶的时间不宜超过3.0h。(3)在高速公路驾驶小轿车,驾驶速度越高,驾驶员心率增加量和心率增加率越大,心率变异系数越小,紧张度越高。建立一元非线性回归模型,得到驾驶员心率增加率与速度之间的二次回归曲线和二次回归方程,用于优度检验的决定系数为0.9693。驾驶员以不同速度驾驶时均为轻级劳动,随着驾驶速度的增加,呈现轻级劳动强度频度降低,中级劳动强度频度增加的趋势,疲劳综合评价值呈现增加的趋势。(4)通过分析在不同驾驶速度条件下,驾驶员在不同时刻的反应时间得分、主观问卷调查得分和心率标准差,确定驾驶员驾驶速度为80km/h和95km/h时的驾驶时间安全阈值为3.5h,驾驶速度为110km/h时的驾驶时间安全阈值为3.0h。本文所得的结论可为高速公路大型车和小型车驾驶员合理安排驾驶时间,预防驾驶疲劳提供参考依据。
[Abstract]:With the increasing number of vehicles and the continuous development of transportation industry, road traffic accidents have become a serious social problem. Driving fatigue is one of the most important causes of traffic accidents, especially highway accidents and night rear-end accidents. Therefore, it is urgent to study driving fatigue, guide drivers to drive safely and arrange driving time reasonably. However, the current research on vehicle driving fatigue is focused on indoor driving simulation test, and lack of real-time road tracking test, especially for heavy-duty long-distance freight vehicle driving research on freeway. In order to study the driving fatigue of freeway vehicles, this paper selects heavy-duty long-distance freight vehicles and cars as the representatives of large and small vehicles to carry out real-time road tracking tests. This paper analyzes the driving fatigue of heavy-duty long-distance freight vehicles and cars on the freeway. Based on the ergonomics theory, this paper tests the heart rate, reaction time and subjective fatigue of the drivers of heavy-duty long-distance freight vehicles and cars while driving on the freeway. The comprehensive evaluation value of fatigue and safety threshold of driving time were studied, and the following conclusions were obtained: 1) driving truck models with larger total weight and total size, the increase of heart rate and the increase rate of heart rate were larger, the coefficient of heart rate variability was small, and the degree of tension was higher. The increasing rate of heart rate of the driver of Jiefang bunker type semi-trailer is 32. 9, more than 30. 0, so it is necessary to be careful in driving and the driving time should not be too long. Driving bin-grille truck belongs to light labor intensity, driving semi-trailer belongs to intermediate labor intensity. With the increase of the total weight and the length of the truck, the frequency of light labor intensity decreases, and the frequency of intermediate and heavier labor intensity increases. By analyzing the heart rate standard deviation of drivers at different times, The threshold of safe driving time for heavy-duty long-distance freight vehicle drivers is determined to be 3.0 h, and it is recommended that the continuous driving time of drivers should not exceed 3.0 h. (3) the higher the driving speed, the greater the increase in heart rate and the rate of increase in heart rate. The smaller the coefficient of heart rate variability, the higher the tension. The quadratic regression curve and quadratic regression equation between the increasing rate of heart rate and the speed of the driver were obtained. The determining coefficient for the goodness test was 0.9693. When drivers drive at different speeds, they are light labor. With the increase of driving speed, the frequency of light labor intensity decreases, and the frequency of intermediate labor intensity increases. The comprehensive evaluation value of fatigue showed an increasing trend. (4) by analyzing the response time score, subjective questionnaire score and heart rate standard deviation of drivers at different driving speeds, When the driving speed is 80km/h and 95km/h, the driving time safety threshold is 3.5 h, and the driving time safety threshold is 3.0 h when the driving speed is 110km/h. The conclusions obtained in this paper can provide a reference for the drivers of large and small vehicles on expressway to arrange their driving time reasonably and to prevent driving fatigue.
【学位授予单位】：东北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U491.254

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