隧道爆破地震波对围岩及邻近建筑物的影响分析

发布时间：2018-04-26 11:36

本文选题：隧道爆破 + 爆破地震波　；参考：《重庆交通大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着科学技术的进步、社会的发展,城市和山区铁路、公路隧道及地下工程发展迅速,尽管科学工作者们及工程师们不断的在开拓新的施工工艺,但奥地利矿山工艺法依然是当前隧道及地下工程最为主要的工程施工方法之一。而矿山施工法主要采用爆破施工,爆破工艺是一把双刃剑,有利有弊。将爆破工程运用在工程中,可以打通道路、开山辟路、开托地下空间等给人类带来更多的生活、工作、娱乐、居住、运输、防空等更多的空间。但爆破在带给我们雄伟工程的过程中也会给人类带来很多危害,特别是在爆破地震作用在对人畜纵多、建(构)筑物复杂的区域,爆破往往会危及人畜安全和使得建(构)筑物受损,对周围环境造成不同程度的影响。为了探究爆破地震波对围岩及建筑物的一系列影响,笔者以某隧道为背景,运用实测、数模等方法建立建筑物实体模型和框架结构模型,对爆破地震波效应、爆破对周围环境的影响、因爆破地震波引起的围岩及建筑物的响应进行了分析;同时以某矿山、隧道的现场数据为样本进行爆破震动灾害预测模型的研究,旨在通过理论的深入和升华,分析爆破地震波对围岩及邻近建筑物的影响等问题。文章主要结果及结论如下:①通过对爆破地震波效应理论的论述与分析,得到炸药性能、岩体性质、爆破条件、爆破工艺以及安全距离、噪声、粉尘、有毒有害气体等多因素对爆破作用效果及对周边建(构)筑物环境的影响情况,警戒涉爆人员要加强技术交底、施工过程谨慎操作、严格按照规范和施工方案施工、事故后按照正确的方法处理及执行相应的应急预案等,切实减少不必要的损失。②现场实测爆破震动的最大合速度为1.0575cm/s,其对应的主频为59.7010Hz。速度值小于爆破安全规程规定标准,震动主频也远大于该建筑物的自振频率(估算4Hz左右),分析实测情形建筑物很难产生共振破坏。但随着爆心距的增加震动频率会有所降低,爆心距较远的建筑物要比较近的建筑物更容易产生共振破坏。③建筑物实体和框架结构模型实验均表明隧道爆破已开挖段爆心距3100~4600cm范围内“空洞效应”表现强烈,其中框架结构静弹模工况已开挖段合速度放大效应最大可达到1.56倍,Z向速度最大放大倍数为1.44倍;动弹模工况合速度放大效应最大可达到2.42倍,Z向速度最大放大倍数为2.19倍。表明“空洞效应”存在一定的区域性,且“空洞效应”跟围岩参数相关,硬岩的“空洞效应”较软岩要明显一些。④针对框架结构数模工况,可发现建筑物高层计算点位最大Z向震速为2.2389cm/s,已经超过国家爆破安全规程规定的震速要求,值得加大重视力度。表明高层建筑物某些部位很容易产生“放大效应”(不同结构类型放大部位不一样),且“放大效应”随围岩参数的不同也表现不一,静弹模工况情形“放大效应”要明显高于动弹模工况,软岩工况“放大效应”较硬岩工况表现明显。⑤通过专家经验法和基于LM-BP方法对矿山、隧道实测数据进行预测分析,发现经验公式在不同的实际情况中表现不一;而基于LM-BP的爆破震动灾害预测模型在笔者计算的矿山、隧道实验中相比传统经验模型有更好的效果,可作为爆破设计中的辅助参考模型。
[Abstract]:With the progress of science and technology, the development of society, the rapid development of urban and mountainous railway, highway tunnel and underground engineering, although the scientific workers and engineers are constantly developing new construction technology, the mining technology in Austria is still one of the most important construction methods in the tunnel and underground engineering. The construction method mainly adopts the blasting construction, and the blasting technology is a double-edged sword, which has advantages and disadvantages. The blasting engineering can be used in the engineering, which can open the road, open the mountain road, and open the underground space to bring more life, work, entertainment, residence, transportation, air defense and so on. But the blasting is also in the process of bringing our majestic engineering. It will bring a lot of harm to the human being, especially in the blasting earthquake action in the human and animal longitudinal and building complex areas. Blasting often endangers the safety of human and animal, and makes the construction damage to the surrounding environment. In order to explore a series of effects on the surrounding rock and the building, the author takes a tunnel. As the background, the building entity model and the frame structure model are established by the method of measurement and number model. The effect of blasting seismic wave, the influence of blasting on the surrounding environment, the response of the surrounding rock and the building caused by the blasting seismic wave are analyzed, and the prediction model of the blasting vibration disaster is carried out by the field data of a mine and the tunnel. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of blasting seismic waves on surrounding rock and adjacent buildings through the in-depth and sublimation of theory. The main results and conclusions of this paper are as follows: (1) the performance of explosives, rock mass properties, blasting conditions, blasting technology and safety distance, noise and dust are obtained by the discussion and analysis of the theory of blasting seismic wave effect. The effect of toxic and harmful gas and other factors on the effect of blasting and the environment of surrounding construction (construction), the police officers should strengthen the technical bottom of the technology, carefully operate the construction process, strictly follow the standard and construction plan, handle and execute the corresponding emergency plan according to the correct method after the accident, effectively reduce the unnecessary The maximum combined velocity of the field measured blasting vibration is 1.0575cm/s, and its corresponding main frequency is less than the 59.7010Hz. velocity of the blasting safety regulation, and the main frequency of the vibration is far greater than the self vibration frequency of the building (estimated about 4Hz). The frequency will be reduced, and the nearer buildings are more prone to resonance damage. 3. The building entity and frame structure model experiments show that the "cavitation effect" in the tunnel blasting section of the blasting section is strong in the range of 3100~4600cm. The maximum effect can reach 1.56 times, the maximum magnification of Z to speed is 1.44 times, the maximum amplification effect of the kinetic model can reach 2.42 times and the maximum magnification of the Z direction is 2.19 times. It indicates that the "cavitation effect" has a certain regionally, and the "cavitation effect" is related to the surrounding rock parameters, and the "cavitation effect" of hard rock is more than that of soft rock. In view of the working conditions of the frame structure, it is found that the maximum Z direction velocity of the high-rise building calculation point is 2.2389cm/s, which has exceeded the requirements of the national blasting safety regulations, and it is worth increasing attention. And the "amplification effect" varies with the different parameters of the surrounding rock. The "amplification effect" of the static elastic mode condition is obviously higher than that of the kinetic model. The "magnifying effect" of the soft rock condition is more obvious than that of the hard rock. 5. Through the expert experience method and the LM-BP method, the actual data of the mine and tunnel are predicted and analyzed, and the experience is found. The formula is different in different actual conditions, and the prediction model of blasting vibration disaster based on LM-BP is better than the traditional empirical model in the mine and tunnel experiment. It can be used as an auxiliary reference model in blasting design.

【学位授予单位】：重庆交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U455.6

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