电动汽车充电站选址规划及运营模式研究

发布时间：2018-04-29 07:14

本文选题：电动汽车 + 充电站规划　；参考：《西华大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来,能源危机和环境污染等问题日益突出,人们对自身健康和居住环境也越来越关注。在环境压力和国家政策驱使下新能源产业得到快速发展,而电动汽车是新能源产业的代表之一,电动汽车不仅可以为人们生活提供便利,而且也是解决能源和环境问题的一个重要手段。目前电动汽车续航里程短,充换电设施网络不够完善,还无法满足电能供给,因此需要对充换电设施进行科学的规划。本文首先对公交车充换电站的运行进行优化,涉及公交运营、电池更换和电池充电等多个方面。考虑公交车的运行规律和耗电特性等因素,定量分析了车辆的日换电需求,并基于均衡使用电池和有利于电池充电的原则,推导了电池优化更换的顺序。以充电成本最小为首要目标,综合考虑平滑充电负荷曲线,分别建立了两阶段优化充电模型,实现削峰填谷作用。然后备用电池数量等因素对优化结果的影响进行了分析,从而验证了所提优化模型的可行性。然后研究了电动汽车充电站的规划,为实现电动汽车用户和充电站运营者利益双赢,提出充电站选址定容模型,该模型以社会成本总损耗最小为目标进行充电站选址优化,采用免疫优化算法求解;同时还建立了以最优服务效率为目标,模拟车辆行为产生换电需求,多类设备形成服务机构的排队系统,并考虑了车辆等待超时退出、服务时间的充电站运营模型,计算了充电站的服务容量、等待时长、设备使用率等指标,最后通过算例验证了该方法的可行性。最后,对电动汽车充电站运营发展模式进行评估,指出我国充电站的运营模式主要由政府、企业和用户三类主导建设模式,然后分别对电动汽车整车充电和换电模式下的经济效益、运行安全、等其他因素进行对比分析,建立指标评价体系确定运营模式并通过算例验证了评价体系的实用性。
[Abstract]:In recent years, energy crisis and environmental pollution have become increasingly prominent, people pay more and more attention to their own health and living environment. Driven by environmental pressure and national policies, the new energy industry has developed rapidly, and electric vehicles are one of the representatives of the new energy industry. Electric vehicles can not only provide convenience for people's lives. It is also an important means of solving energy and environmental problems. At present, electric vehicles have short mileage of life, the network of charging and switching facilities is not perfect, and can not satisfy the supply of electric energy, so it is necessary to plan the charging and changing facilities scientifically. This paper first optimizes the operation of the bus charging station, including bus operation, battery replacement and battery charging. Considering the running rule and power consumption characteristics of the bus, this paper quantitatively analyzes the demand for the daily electricity exchange of the vehicle, and based on the principle of the balanced use of the battery and the principle of the battery charging, deduces the order of the optimal replacement of the battery. Taking the minimum charge cost as the primary goal and considering the smooth charging load curve, a two-stage optimal charging model was established to realize the effect of peak cutting and valley filling. Then, the influence of the number of spare cells on the optimization results is analyzed, which verifies the feasibility of the proposed optimization model. Then, the planning of charging station of electric vehicle is studied. In order to realize the benefit of both users of electric vehicle and operator of charging station, a fixed volume model of charging station location is put forward, which aims at minimizing the total loss of social cost to optimize the location of charging station. The immune optimization algorithm is used to solve the problem. At the same time, a queuing system with the goal of optimal service efficiency is established, which simulates the demand for electricity exchange in vehicle behavior and forms a service organization with many kinds of equipment, and considers the waiting time out of the vehicle. The operation model of charging station for service time is used to calculate the service capacity, waiting time, equipment utilization rate and so on. Finally, the feasibility of the method is verified by an example. Finally, the paper evaluates the operation and development mode of electric vehicle charging station, and points out that the operation mode of charging station in our country is dominated by three kinds of construction modes: government, enterprise and user. Then, the economic benefit, operation safety and other factors of electric vehicle charging and switching mode are compared and analyzed respectively, and the evaluation system is established to determine the operation mode and the practicability of the evaluation system is verified by an example.
【学位授予单位】：西华大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U491.8

【参考文献】