跨海桥梁高架桥墩风浪耦合作用试验及波浪力研究

发布时间：2018-04-29 14:06

本文选题：高架桥墩 + 弹性模型　；参考：《哈尔滨工业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着我国基础设施建设的高速发展,日益繁忙的交通运输给沿海城市的跨海运输能力提出了更高的要求。跨海桥梁通常长达数十公里,其中通航桥为大跨度斜拉桥和悬索桥,而更多的是常规简支或连续高架桥。在海洋环境下,桥梁在服役过程中将遭受更为严苛的环境条件,尤其是风浪作用。在风荷载和波浪荷载的共同作用下,结构发生破坏将导致难以估计的巨大损失。随着我国大量跨海桥梁的新建,结构在风浪耦合作用下的动力响应问题日益得到关注,但是国内外在相关领域的研究还极度缺乏。本文以我国规划建设的琼州海峡跨海通道的高架桥墩为研究对象,在风洞与浪槽实验室开展了风浪耦合作用下结构动力响应的试验研究。结构基于弹性试验方法进行设计,并对桥梁模型结构在风、波浪以及风浪耦合作用下的响应规律进行了试验探究,并在此基础上对大型桥墩的波浪力问题开展了理论分析和验证。本文的主要研究内容和成果如下:(1)针对所研究高架桥墩进行了模型设计、流场调试、测试系统安装和工况设计。在Froude相似准则的基础上,考虑弹性模型试验的几何相似、动力相似和运动相似,设计了几何相似比为1:60的高架桥墩模型;针对实验室试验装置的不足,进行了实验室的改造和流场调试,并完成了试验模型和传感器的安装与调试以及试验工况设计。(2)开展了高架桥墩弹性模型在风、波浪和风浪耦合作用下的模型试验和数据分析。根据桥梁所处的海况条件以及相似准则,分别开展了模型结构在单独风和波浪荷载,以及在风浪耦合作用下的试验测试。基于测试数据,分析了模型结构在不同工况条件下的位移、加速度和基底弯矩和剪力等动力响应特征。研究结果表明波浪荷载是作用在结构上的主要荷载,风荷载对于墩顶位移占主导作用。(3)开展了高架桥墩的波浪力计算的理论研究。基于大尺度结构在波浪作用下的绕射理论,建立了该类结构的波浪力计算的理论方法,得到结构在波浪作用下的动力响应规律,并将试验所得的结果与绕射理论所得的结果进行对比,对本次试验中结构在波浪作用下的动力响应进行了验证。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of infrastructure construction in our country, the increasingly busy traffic and transportation put forward higher requirements for coastal cities' trans-sea transport capacity. Sea-crossing bridges are usually tens of kilometers long, in which navigation bridges are long span cable-stayed bridges and suspension bridges, and more are conventional simply supported or continuous viaducts. In the marine environment, bridges will be subjected to more severe environmental conditions, especially wind and waves. Under the combined action of wind load and wave load, the failure of the structure will lead to a huge loss which is difficult to estimate. With the construction of a large number of bridges across the sea in our country, the dynamic response of structures under the coupling of wind and waves has been paid more and more attention, but the research in related fields at home and abroad is extremely scarce. In this paper, the experimental study of the dynamic response of the structure under the coupling of wind tunnel and wave channel is carried out in the wind tunnel and the wave channel laboratory, taking the elevated pier of the Qiongzhou Strait cross-sea passage planned for construction in China as the research object. The structure is designed based on elastic test method, and the response law of bridge model structure under wind, wave and wind-wave coupling is investigated. On this basis, the wave force of large bridge pier is theoretically analyzed and verified. The main contents and results of this paper are as follows: (1) the model design, flow field debugging, test system installation and working condition design are carried out for the viaduct pier studied in this paper. On the basis of Froude similarity criterion, considering the geometric similarity, dynamic similarity and kinematic similarity of elastic model test, an elevated pier model with a geometric similarity ratio of 1:60 is designed. The experiment model and sensor are installed and debugged, and the design of test condition. 2) the model test and data analysis of the elastic model of elevated bridge pier under the coupling of wind, wave and wind wave are carried out. According to the sea condition and the similarity criterion of the bridge, the tests of the model structure under the wind and wave loads alone and under the coupling action of wind and wave are carried out respectively. Based on the test data, the dynamic response characteristics of the model structure under different working conditions, such as displacement, acceleration, base bending moment and shear force, are analyzed. The results show that the wave load is the main load acting on the structure, and the wind load plays a dominant role in the displacement of the pier top. Based on the diffraction theory of large scale structures under wave action, a theoretical method for wave force calculation is established, and the dynamic response of structures under wave action is obtained. The experimental results are compared with those obtained from the diffraction theory, and the dynamic responses of the structures under the action of the waves in this experiment are verified.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U446;U443.22

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