基于VISSIM交通仿真的城市高架拥堵分析及控制改善

发布时间：2018-04-30 03:09

本文选题：交通拥堵 + 交通特性　；参考：《长安大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：伴随着我国经济实力的增强,机动车辆数量骤增,城市交通形式逐渐从“平面交通”向“立体交通”发展,建设了大量城市高架桥,以便缓解交通压力。但是,随着机动车辆的继续增长,城市高架上的交通流量超过其设计负荷,导致城市高架路出现拥堵,特别是间断式高架道路的拥堵情况更为凸显。因此,对城市高架的拥堵问题研究很有必要,本研究主要做了以下工作。首先,本文对高架拥堵原因及控制方法进行了理论上的研究。先重点分析了高架上出入匝道和交织区的交通流特性,并引入交通密度作为评价交织区的服务水平的指标,这为在仿真试验中找出拥堵原因奠定了理论基础。然后,针对高架路拥堵的特点,介绍了一些相应的解决策略和控制方法,并主要研究了感应控制的主要参数以及其感应控制流程。其次,本文通过交通仿真分析出高架拥堵原因。选取西安市西二环土门由北向南的高架为研究对象进行实例分析,此段高架主要表现为间断式高架,其交织区较为复杂。分析实际调查的数据,标定VISSIM软件的各项参数,建立其仿真模型,通过仿真实验结果可知,出口匝道上排队的最大长度小于匝道长度,出口匝道上排队车辆不会溢到高架上进而干扰其车辆运行。总结其拥堵的原因:平峰时刻,交织区出现偶发性拥堵,这是由入口匝道驶入车流偶发性增大造成的;高峰时刻,高架主路出现交通瘫痪现象,其主要原因:此时高架路车流量处于饱和状态,而驶入流量达到1545veh/h,驶入车流必然会严重干扰高架路上车流的运行,其不断地驶入使高架路交通发生了瘫痪。最后,本文针对平峰时刻和高峰时刻高架拥堵的具体原因不同提出了不同的改善措施,并对其进行仿真验证是否有效。由于出口匝道上排队车辆不会溢到高架上进而干扰其运行,因此,不需要对出口匝道与地面道路衔接处进行感应控制,只需对入口匝道进行控制即可。平峰时刻,采取入口匝道感应控制,在VISSIM仿真软件中运用VisVAP来编写以ALINEA感应算法为基础的程序。高峰时刻,采取暂时性关闭入口匝道策略。通过VISSIM仿真实验的结果可知,平峰时刻采取的入口匝道感应调节能够有效地缓解偶发性拥堵;高峰时刻采取的入口匝道暂时关闭策略对瘫痪性拥堵缓解效果显著。
[Abstract]:With the strengthening of our country's economic strength, the number of motor vehicles has increased sharply, and the form of urban traffic has gradually developed from "plane traffic" to "three-dimensional traffic". A large number of urban viaducts have been built in order to alleviate traffic pressure. However, with the continuous growth of motor vehicles, the traffic flow on urban viaducts exceeds its design load, which leads to congestion on urban viaducts, especially on intermittent viaducts. Therefore, it is necessary to study the congestion problem of urban viaduct. Firstly, the reason and control method of elevated congestion are studied theoretically in this paper. The characteristics of traffic flow in the ramp and interleaving area are analyzed, and the traffic density is introduced as the index to evaluate the service level of the interleaved area, which lays a theoretical foundation for finding out the cause of congestion in the simulation experiment. Then, according to the characteristics of viaduct congestion, this paper introduces some corresponding solutions and control methods, and mainly studies the main parameters of induction control and its induction control flow. Secondly, this paper analyzes the reasons of elevated congestion through traffic simulation. A case study was carried out on the Tumen viaduct in Xi'an City from north to south. This section of viaduct is mainly characterized by discontinuous viaduct, and its intertwined area is more complex. By analyzing the actual investigation data, calibrating the parameters of VISSIM software and establishing its simulation model, we can see that the maximum length of queue on the exit ramp is smaller than the length of the ramp through the simulation experiment. Queuing vehicles on exit ramps do not spill over the elevated shelves and interfere with their vehicles. The causes of congestion are summarized as follows: at the peak time, there is occasional congestion in the interwoven area, which is caused by the increase of the traffic flow on the on-ramp, and the traffic paralysis on the main elevated road in the rush hour. The main reasons are: at this time, the traffic flow on the viaduct is saturated, and the traffic flow in the viaduct reaches 1545veh / h, which will inevitably seriously interfere with the traffic flow on the viaduct, and the traffic on the viaduct will be paralyzed by its continuous entry. Finally, this paper puts forward different measures to improve the traffic congestion at peak time and peak time, and makes a simulation to verify whether it is effective or not. Because the vehicles in line on the exit ramp will not overflow onto the elevated frame and interfere with its operation, it is not necessary to control the junction between the exit ramp and the ground road, but only to control the on-ramp. In the flat peak time, the on-ramp induction control is adopted, and the program based on the ALINEA induction algorithm is programmed by using VisVAP in the VISSIM simulation software. During rush hour, take the strategy of temporarily closing the on-ramp. The results of VISSIM simulation show that the inductive adjustment of on-ramp adopted at peak time can effectively alleviate accidental congestion, and the temporary closure strategy of on-ramp adopted at peak time has a significant effect on the relief of paralytic congestion.
【学位授予单位】：长安大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U491

【共引文献】