城市交通溢流预防和控制策略研究

发布时间：2018-05-01 17:13

本文选题：交通溢流 + 排队模型　；参考：《山东大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：在经济快速发展的当今社会,交通对经济的促进作用不言而喻。然而,随着汽车保有量的增加,现有的道路资源不能满足日益增长的交通需求,于是就出现了交通拥堵、事故多发、环境污染等问题,这些问题严重阻碍了经济的发展。近年来,交通拥堵问题越来越严重,交通溢流现象也时有发生。交通溢流现象是指由于下游交叉口的制约作用,导致上游车辆从交叉口溢出并造成上游交叉口无法通行的现象。交通溢流是道路交通流过饱和的一种体现,如果不加以控制,交通溢流就会从一个路口迅速漫延到多个路口甚至整个路网,最终导致整个交通路网的瘫痪。本文首先在交通流理论的基础上,对交通溢流的传播机理进行研究,建立了基于停车波波速的车辆排队预测模型,为交通溢流传播范围的确定奠定了基础。同时本文中对交通小区的性质进行深入研究,利用交通小区宏观基本图的有关理论,首先确定交通小区能容纳的最佳车辆数,然后采用反馈门控制的边界控制策略,使划分好的交通小区内的车辆数保持在一个合理的状态,从而使小区内的交通流量达到最优,预防交通拥堵的发生,同时论文中利用VISSIM仿真软件,对控制策略的合理性进行仿真验证。对于发生交通事故状态下导致的交通溢流,文中针对交通事故处理的不同阶段,采取不同的控制措施来对交通溢流进行控制。交通溢流控制整体上遵循"内部疏散,外部诱导"的原则,将交通控制和交通诱导结合形成一个反馈机制,对于内部区域,采用反馈门控制策略,以溢流区域流入流出的车辆数为控制对象,一方面限制外来车辆的进入,另一方面使区域内车辆尽快驶离溢流区域,尽可能的减少区域内的车辆总数,来实现对内部溢流的消散;同时在交通溢流区域的外围进行截流,防止车辆在不知情的状态下大量涌入溢流区域而造成交通溢流的加剧。针对外围被截流车辆,本文中提出了一种交通溢流状态下的车辆路径选择方法,该方法针对交通溢流状态下有控制措施和无控制措施两种不同的情况,对出行者提供合理的诱导行驶信息,一方面减少出行者受到交通溢流影响的损失,另一方面能使交通溢流得到有效控制,避免溢流范围的进一步扩大。论文中综合以上研究,开发设计了一套城市交通溢流预防控制系统,对交通溢流的直观展示、预防措施、控制策略等进行了可视化的表达,提高交通管理者对交通溢流危害的认识,为交通溢流的解决提供科学合理的指导。综上所述,本文对交通溢流这一现象进行深入分析,建立了交通溢流扩散模型,提出了相应的预防措施来减少交通溢流的发生,同时在交通溢流状态下提出了合理的控制策略和诱导措施。本文中采用的控制策略,对该领域的后续研究奠定了基础。
[Abstract]:In the rapid economic development of today's society, the role of traffic to promote the economy is self-evident. However, with the increase of vehicle ownership, the existing road resources can not meet the increasing traffic demand, so there are traffic congestion, accidents, environmental pollution and other problems, which seriously hinder the development of the economy. In recent years, traffic congestion problem is becoming more and more serious, traffic overflow phenomenon also occurs from time to time. Traffic overflow phenomenon refers to the phenomenon that the upstream vehicles overflow from the intersection due to the restriction of the downstream intersection and make the upstream intersection impassable. Traffic overflow is a manifestation of road traffic saturation. If it is not controlled, traffic overflow will quickly spread from one intersection to many intersections or even the whole road network, resulting in the paralysis of the entire traffic network. On the basis of the theory of traffic flow, this paper studies the mechanism of traffic overflow propagation, and establishes the vehicle queue prediction model based on the stop wave velocity, which lays a foundation for the determination of the traffic overflow propagation range. At the same time, this paper makes a deep research on the nature of the traffic district. By using the relevant theory of the macroscopic basic map of the traffic district, we first determine the optimal number of vehicles that can be accommodated in the traffic district, and then adopt the boundary control strategy of feedback gate control. In order to keep the number of vehicles in the divided traffic district in a reasonable state, the traffic flow in the district is optimized and the traffic congestion is prevented. At the same time, VISSIM simulation software is used in the paper. The rationality of the control strategy is verified by simulation. For the traffic overflow caused by traffic accident, different control measures are taken to control the traffic overflow in different stages of traffic accident treatment. As a whole, traffic overflow control follows the principle of "internal evacuation, external guidance", and combines traffic control with traffic guidance to form a feedback mechanism. For internal area, feedback gate control strategy is adopted. Taking the number of vehicles flowing in and out of the overflow area as the control object, on the one hand, it restricts the entry of foreign vehicles, on the other hand, it causes the vehicles in the area to leave the overflow area as soon as possible, so as to reduce the total number of vehicles in the area as much as possible. At the same time, the traffic overflow is blocked in the periphery of the traffic overflow area to prevent vehicles from flooding into the overflow area without knowing the situation and causing the traffic overflow to intensify. In this paper, a method of vehicle path selection in traffic overflow state is proposed for the peripheral blocked vehicles. The method is aimed at two different situations of traffic overflow with or without control measures. On the one hand, it can reduce the loss caused by the traffic overflow, on the other hand, it can effectively control the traffic overflow and avoid the further expansion of the overflow range. Based on the above research, a set of urban traffic overflow prevention and control system is developed and designed in this paper. The visual display, prevention measures and control strategies of traffic overflow are visualized. To improve traffic managers' understanding of traffic overflow harm and provide scientific and reasonable guidance for traffic overflow solution. To sum up, this paper deeply analyzes the phenomenon of traffic overflow, establishes a traffic overflow diffusion model, and puts forward corresponding preventive measures to reduce the occurrence of traffic overflow. At the same time, the reasonable control strategy and inductive measures are put forward under the condition of traffic overflow. The control strategy adopted in this paper lays a foundation for further research in this field.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U491

【参考文献】