橡胶与纤维布组合体抗震性能研究

发布时间：2018-05-03 08:00

本文选题：橡胶 + 碳纤维布　；参考：《大连理工大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着社会的发展,道路、桥梁等关系国计民生的基础工程在国家经济的发展过程中扮演的角色越来越重要。我国是地震频发国家,地震在危及人民生命安全的同时也对道路桥梁等公共基础设施造成极大破坏。据统计,在地震来临时所造成的财产损失中,仅道路桥梁的损失就要占到21.9%,同时由于道路桥梁的破坏导致影响到震区的抗震救灾工作,其间接损失更是无法估量。因此,如何提高桥梁结构的抗震性能变得尤为重要,目前有很多学者都投入到了该方面的研究,也取得了很多有意义的成果。在进行多孔连续梁桥的地震设计中,大多数时候是采用减隔震支座或是减隔震阻尼装置来改变桥梁结构的力学响应特性并减小由此产生的惯性力作用。常用的减隔震支座目前主要有摩擦摆式减隔震支座、双曲面球形减隔震支座、铅芯隔震橡胶支座、钢弹性阻尼减隔震支座、高阻尼隔震橡胶支座等；而减隔震装置是指各类阻尼器,主要包括粘滞阻尼器、位移锁定阻尼器、SMA类阻尼器等,但大多数阻尼器都是针对具体桥梁具体设计应用的,没有统一的分类标准,而且大多数阻尼器都存在造价高、不便施工的问题,所以在桥梁减隔震领域并没有得到广泛的应用。本文通过对以上所述的减隔震装置进行分析、总结、创新,提出一种新型的橡胶圆柱与纤维布组合体的抗震挡块。该挡块主要由天然橡胶圆柱体与碳纤维布构成,其组合方式是通过碳纤维粘结胶将碳纤维布缠绕在圆柱体侧面形成共同受力体。文中通过理论推导、试验和数值分析来得出该挡块的应力-应变曲线,了解该挡块在静、动态作用下的力学响应。文中还通过具体实例分析了多跨连续梁桥在安装与不安装该类抗震挡块两种工况下的地震响应结果,对该挡块的抗震机理和效果进行了研究。论文的主要工作和成果如下：(1)对天然橡胶的本构关系进行了分析研究。通过对6组天然橡胶圆柱体进行静、动力压缩实验来分析其静、动力特性,得到静力下纯橡胶体的本构模型以及其对应的模型参数,并且探讨了各个模型的适用程度；同时研究了纯橡胶体的粘弹性本构模型并得到了与其对应的模型参数,分析了橡胶的粘弹性性质对其动力响应的影响机理。(2)纤维布采用的是碳纤维布,是缠绕在橡胶圆柱体外侧二者形成共同受力体,文中对该外缠碳纤维布的橡胶圆柱体力学性能进行分析研究。通过理论分析,推导出在不同碳纤维布缠绕方式下该组合体的应力-应变关系式,同时运用有限元数值模拟的方法对其静、动力特性进行了分析,探讨了碳纤维布的缠绕约束作用对橡胶体粘弹性的影响。(3)将该抗震挡块应用于实际桥梁工程中,采用时程分析的方法计算出采用和不采用该挡块时连续梁桥的地震响应结果,通过比较分析得出该挡块的减隔震效果。
[Abstract]:With the development of society, roads, bridges and other basic projects related to the national economy and people's livelihood play a more and more important role in the process of national economic development. China is a country with frequent earthquakes. Earthquakes not only endanger people's lives, but also cause great damage to public infrastructure such as roads and bridges. According to statistics, in the property losses caused by the earthquake, only the loss of roads and bridges will account for 21.9. at the same time, the damage of roads and bridges will affect the earthquake relief work in the earthquake area, and its indirect losses are even more incalculable. Therefore, how to improve the seismic performance of bridge structure becomes more and more important. At present, many scholars have devoted themselves to the research and made a lot of meaningful achievements. In the seismic design of porous continuous beam bridge, most of the time, the isolation support or damping device is used to change the mechanical response characteristics of the bridge structure and reduce the inertial force. At present, there are mainly friction pendulum bearing, hyperboloid spherical bearing, lead core rubber bearing, steel elastic damping bearing, high damping rubber bearing and so on. Seismic isolation devices refer to all kinds of dampers, mainly including viscous dampers, displacement-locked dampers, SMA dampers, etc. But most of the dampers are designed and applied specifically for specific bridges, and there is no unified classification standard. Moreover, most dampers have the problems of high cost and inconvenient construction, so they are not widely used in the field of bridge isolation. Based on the analysis and innovation of the isolation device mentioned above, a new type of anti-seismic block of rubber cylinder and fiber cloth composite is proposed in this paper. The block is mainly composed of natural rubber cylinder and carbon fiber cloth. The combination way is that the carbon fiber cloth is wound around the cylinder side to form a common force body through carbon fiber adhesive. In this paper, the stress-strain curve of the block is obtained by theoretical derivation, experiment and numerical analysis, and the mechanical response of the block under static and dynamic action is understood. The seismic response results of multi-span continuous beam bridge under two working conditions of installing and not installing this kind of seismic block are also analyzed through concrete examples. The seismic mechanism and effect of the block are studied. The main work and results are as follows: 1) the constitutive relationship of natural rubber is studied. The static and dynamic characteristics of six groups of natural rubber cylinders were analyzed by static and dynamic compression experiments. The constitutive model of pure rubber under static force and its corresponding model parameters were obtained, and the applicability of each model was discussed. At the same time, the viscoelastic constitutive model of pure rubber was studied and the corresponding model parameters were obtained. The influence mechanism of viscoelastic properties of rubber on its dynamic response was analyzed. In this paper, the mechanical properties of the rubber cylinder wrapped with carbon fiber cloth are analyzed and studied. Through theoretical analysis, the stress-strain relationship of the composite under different CFRP winding modes is derived, and the static and dynamic characteristics of the composite are analyzed by means of finite element numerical simulation. In this paper, the influence of the winding restraint action of carbon fiber cloth on the viscoelasticity of rubber body is discussed. The seismic resistance block is applied to practical bridge engineering. The seismic response results of continuous beam bridge with and without the block are calculated by using time history analysis method. Through comparative analysis, the shock isolation effect of the block is obtained.
【学位授予单位】：大连理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U442.55

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