基于可靠性的道路行车视距分析和线形设计研究

发布时间：2018-05-06 06:05

本文选题：可靠度 + 三维视距　；参考：《东南大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：道路交通以其快捷、方便的特点,在我国的经济发展中起到了中流砥柱的作用,现已成为我国现阶段交通方式的一个重要组成部分。但随着机动车数量和新车型使用量的增加,我国的交通安全持续着恶化的趋势。视距作为道路线形几何设计的关键因素,是保障驾驶人行车安全的重要指标,尤其是在隧道内。但当前视距的研究大多采用确定性分析方法,忽略了道路的三维本质。因此,本文以城市隧道为例,通过行车视距的可靠性分析和三维几何线形的行车视距分析及其在交通安全评价中的应用,研究了道路设计要素对驾驶人停车视距的影响。在此基础上,本文对道路线形的可靠性设计方法流程进行了分析,并提出了基于可靠性性理论的道路线形近期和远期设计框架。本论文主要包括以下内容：(1)将可靠性应用于道路停车视距分析中,通过建立不同线形的可靠性功能函数,分析了运行速度、路面摩擦系数、曲线半径、横净距和设计净高等变量对驾驶人在隧道中行驶时行车视距的影响。研究表明当平曲线半径大于规范上的一般最小半径,或当驾驶人的运行速度不超过道路设计速度时,隧道平曲线半径、驾驶人的运行速度对驾驶人在隧道平曲线上的行车视距的影响较小。当横净距取值较小时,行车视距的失效概率较高。竖曲线半径对驾驶人的行车视距影响较小。驾驶人行车视距对设计净高比较敏感。(2)建立了驾驶人行车的三维视距模型,分析了驾驶人三维视距和二维视距在普适情况下道路的平纵组合,尤其是在凸形竖曲线顶点插入小半径平曲线时的不同。此外本文也分析了驾驶人在隧道行驶环境中三维视距和二维视距的差异。研究表明凸形竖曲线顶点插入小半径平曲线时,驾驶人的三维视距往往比二维视距较小,且驾驶人的视距主要由平曲线技术指标控制。在平纵组合时,.相对于平曲线的曲线半径,竖曲线半径影响较小,而对于单个竖曲线而言,半径应该是影响视距的主要因素。此外,通过驾驶人在隧道行驶环境下视距的分析,隧道的顶墙会影响驾驶人的视距,且驾驶人的三维视距与行驶方向有关。(3)分析了传统道路线形设计方法的设计流程和其存在的缺陷,之后提出了基于可靠性理论的道路线形设计的一般方法流程。并从近远期角度,提出了发展基于可靠性理论道路线形设计的设计流程架构。
[Abstract]:With its quick and convenient characteristics, road traffic has played a mainstay role in the economic development of our country, and has become an important part of the transportation mode in our country at present. However, with the increase of the number of motor vehicles and the use of new vehicles, the traffic safety in China continues to deteriorate. As a key factor of road alignment geometric design, visual distance is an important index to ensure driver's driving safety, especially in tunnel. However, most of the researches on visual range are based on deterministic analysis, ignoring the three-dimensional nature of the road. Therefore, taking the city tunnel as an example, this paper studies the influence of road design elements on the parking sight distance of the driver through the reliability analysis of the driving horizon, the analysis of the 3D geometric line of sight and its application in the evaluation of traffic safety. On this basis, this paper analyzes the reliability design process of road alignment, and puts forward the short-term and long-term design framework of road alignment based on reliability theory. This paper mainly includes the following contents: (1) the reliability is applied to the road parking sight range analysis. By establishing different linear reliability function, the running speed, road friction coefficient and curve radius are analyzed. The influence of transverse clear distance and design net height on the distance of sight when the driver is driving in the tunnel. The study shows that when the radius of the plane curve is larger than the general minimum radius in the specification, or when the driver's speed does not exceed the designed speed of the road, the tunnel plane curve radius, The driver's running speed has little effect on the driving horizon on the horizontal curve of the tunnel. When the net transverse distance is small, the failure probability of the distance of sight is higher. The radius of vertical curve has little effect on the driving distance. The driver's driving visual distance is sensitive to the design height. (2) the three-dimension visual distance model of the driver driving is established, and the combination of the driver's three-dimensional visual distance and the two-dimensional visual distance is analyzed under the condition of universal road. Especially when the vertex of a convex vertical curve is inserted into a small radius flat curve. In addition, this paper also analyzes the difference between three-dimensional and two-dimensional visual distance in tunnel driving environment. The research shows that when the vertex of convex vertical curve is inserted into a small radius flat curve, the three-dimensional visual distance of the driver is usually smaller than that of the two-dimensional horizon, and the driver's visual distance is mainly controlled by the technical index of the horizontal curve. In the horizontal and vertical combination. The radius of vertical curve has little effect on the radius of horizontal curve, but for a single vertical curve, radius should be the main factor affecting the distance of sight. In addition, through the analysis of the distance of sight of the driver in the driving environment of the tunnel, the top wall of the tunnel will affect the distance of sight of the driver. The design flow of the traditional road alignment design method and its defects are analyzed, and then the general method flow of road alignment design based on reliability theory is put forward. From the perspective of short-and long-term, the design process architecture of road alignment design based on reliability theory is proposed.
【学位授予单位】：东南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U412.3

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