侵蚀条件下橡胶材料受力性能试验研究

发布时间：2018-05-06 05:40

本文选题：橡胶支座 + 耐久性　；参考：《沈阳建筑大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着当今社会的桥梁建设事业不断地发展,橡胶支座已经逐渐成为我国公路、铁路等桥梁的重要组成部分。多种多样的桥式大跨度桥梁在我国不断地涌现,体现出我国先进的建筑水平的同时,对桥梁支座的承载能力、耐久性能、对支座位移和转角能力等性能要求不断提高。橡胶支座的作用主要有以下几个方面:第一是能够将上部构造荷载可靠地传递给墩台,同时承受由荷载引起的结构端部水平位移以及转角等变形;第二是能够适应由于温度、湿度等环境变化而引起的结构胀缩变形;三是可以阻抗风力、地震波等引起的结构平移,减轻震动对结构的不利影响。橡胶支座用的橡胶材料包括三元乙丙橡胶、聚异戊二烯橡胶、聚丁二烯橡胶、天然橡胶、氯丁橡胶等。天然橡胶与氯丁橡胶是我国制作橡胶支座的两种橡胶材料,在交通部颁布的JT/T4-2004标准中是强制性的要求。普通板式橡胶支座在生产及使用过程中,由于材料质量以及设计、老化与施工等原因,会出现橡胶支座老化、开裂等病害,威胁着人们的安全。因此研究两种橡胶材料在侵蚀条件下的受力性能是做好橡胶支座的先决条件。本文主要针对天然橡胶进行了冻融、盐冻、湿热、热老化、硫酸腐蚀、硝酸腐蚀和硝硫酸腐蚀处理,其中硫酸腐蚀、硝酸腐蚀和硝硫酸腐蚀是将橡胶试件浸泡在PH=4.5的溶液中。在冻融、盐冻中,分别对试件进行20、40、60次的快速冻融;其他腐蚀处理是分别对试件进行20、40、60天的快速腐蚀,经过处理的试件进行拉伸强度试验;对氯丁橡胶进行冻融、盐冻、湿热、热老化、硫酸腐蚀、硝酸腐蚀和硝硫酸腐蚀处理,其中硫酸腐蚀、硝酸腐蚀和硝硫酸腐蚀是将橡胶试件浸泡在PH=4.5的溶液中。在冻融、盐冻中,分别对试件进行20、40、60次的快速冻融;其他腐蚀处理是分别对试件进行20、40、60天的快速腐蚀,经过处理的试件进行拉伸强度试验;针对天然橡胶与钢板的粘合性能,进行了冻融、盐冻、湿热、热老化处理。在冻融和盐冻试验中,分别对试件进行20、40、60次的快速冻融;湿热和热老化处理是分别对试件进行20、40、60天的快速腐蚀,经过侵蚀处理的试件分别进行了90°剥离粘合强度实验;对氯丁橡胶与钢板的粘合性能,进行了冻融、盐冻、湿热、热老化处理。在冻融和盐冻试验中,分别对试件进行20、40、60次的快速冻融;湿热和热老化处理是分别对试件进行20、40、60天的快速腐蚀,经过侵蚀处理的试件分别进行了90°剥离粘合强度实验。
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of bridge construction, rubber bearings have gradually become an important part of bridges such as roads and railways in China. There are many kinds of bridge type long-span bridges emerging in our country, which reflect the advanced building level in our country. At the same time, the performance requirements of bearing capacity, durability, bearing displacement and corner ability of the bridge support are constantly improved. The main functions of rubber bearings are as follows: first, the upper structural load can be reliably transferred to the pier and abutment, and at the same time, the horizontal displacement and corner deformation of the end of the structure caused by the load can be subjected to; the second is the ability to adapt to the temperature. The deformation caused by humidity and other environmental changes, the third is that the structure can be shifted by impedance wind force and seismic wave, and the adverse effect of vibration on the structure can be mitigated. Rubber bearings for rubber materials including EPDM, polyisoprene rubber, polybutadiene rubber, natural rubber, Chloroprene rubber and so on. Natural rubber and Chloroprene rubber are two kinds of rubber materials for making rubber bearings in China. They are mandatory requirements in JT/T4-2004 standard issued by Ministry of Communications. In the process of production and use of ordinary plate rubber bearings, due to the quality of materials, design, aging and construction, rubber bearings will be aging, cracking and other diseases, threatening the safety of people. Therefore, it is a precondition to study the mechanical properties of two rubber materials under erosion condition. In this paper, natural rubber was treated by freeze-thawing, salt freezing, wet heat, thermal aging, sulfuric acid corrosion, nitric acid corrosion and nitrate-sulfuric acid corrosion, among which sulfuric acid corrosion, nitric acid corrosion and nitrate sulfuric acid corrosion were the solution of the rubber specimen immersed in PH=4.5 solution. In freeze-thaw and salt freeze-thawing, the specimens were frozen and thawed for 20 ~ 40 ~ 60 times respectively; the other corrosion treatments were for 20 ~ 40 ~ 60 days of rapid corrosion respectively, and the treated specimens were subjected to tensile strength tests; Chloroprene rubber was freeze-thawed, salt-frozen, wet and hot. Thermal aging, sulfuric acid corrosion, nitric acid corrosion and nitrate sulfuric acid corrosion treatment, in which sulfuric acid corrosion, nitric acid corrosion and nitrate sulfuric acid corrosion is the rubber specimen immersed in the solution of PH=4.5. In freeze-thaw and salt freeze-thawing, the specimens were frozen and thawed for 20 ~ 40 ~ 60 times respectively; other corrosion treatments were for 20 ~ 40 ~ 60 days of rapid corrosion on the specimens, and tensile strength tests were carried out on the treated specimens; and for the adhesive properties of natural rubber and steel plates, Freezing and thawing, salt freezing, damp and heat, and heat aging were carried out. In the freeze-thaw and salt freezing tests, the specimens were frozen and thawed for 20 ~ 40 ~ 60 times respectively, the wet heat and hot aging treatments were applied to the specimens for 20 ~ 40 ~ 60 days of rapid corrosion, respectively, and the specimens subjected to corrosion treatment were subjected to 90 掳peeling bonding strength experiments, respectively. The adhesion properties of Chloroprene rubber and steel plate were treated by freeze-thawing, salt freezing, wet heat and heat aging. In the freeze-thaw and salt freezing tests, the specimens were frozen and thawed for 20 ~ 40 ~ 60 times respectively, and the specimens were corroded for 20 ~ 40 ~ 60 days respectively by wet heat and hot aging, and the specimens subjected to corrosion were subjected to 90 掳peeling bonding strength experiments.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳建筑大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：U446.1

【参考文献】