具有储能系统的快速充电站优化能量管理策略研究

发布时间：2018-05-06 15:37

本文选题：储能系统 + 快速充电站　；参考：《北京交通大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：快速充电站的建设与发展被各国视为发展和普及电动汽车最重要的措施之一但是由于充电负荷本身具有间歇性与不确定性,所以,发展具有储能系统的快速充电站逐渐成为新的研究热点和方向。因此,本文以具有储能系统的快速充电站为研究对象,具体研究了利用储能系统对快速充电站负荷进行实时优化的能量管理策略。其研究步骤如下：(1)对快速充电站的实际负荷特性进行研究。根据快速充电站的负荷特点制定了以降低充电站负荷方差为目标的负荷优化策略,经过实时仿真发现虽然该策略可以改善充电站负荷特性,但是该策略不仅没要考虑充电站运营的经济效益,而且在实时性方面仍有待提高。(2)考虑充电站运营的经济效益等因素,对充电站的储能容量与负荷波动削减百分比、购电成本减少百分比之间的关系进行研究。从充电站的建设投资、运营升级等经济性角度出发,考虑了充电站储能容量与基本容量费、扩容费用之间的关系,并最终明确了储能系统在快速充电站中的应用思路,提出了快速充电站负荷优化能量管理策略应该以平抑负荷波动为主,兼顾降低购电成本的原则。(3)根据该原则提出建立最优计划负荷偏差带并进行实时跟踪的优化策略。该实时优化策略具体包括不考虑储能裕量的充电站负荷即时平抑策略、考虑储能裕量的充电站负荷即时平抑策略及其改进策略、考虑储能放电深度的充电站滚动优化策略。在研究以上策略时分别建立了相应的数学模型,研究了相关优化算法,并绘制了具体的策略流程图。为了对所提出的策略进行初步理论论证,对以上策略进行MATLAB编程仿真,并从充电站负荷曲线、储能电量状态两个角度出发,建立了不同的评价分析指标,通过评价与分析,从中选择出实时性、抗干扰性较好的负荷优化管理策略。(4)为了验证所提出策略的实时性与有效性,基于选择出的负荷实时优化管理策略,进一步设计了有关实验及其具体步骤,并以智能微电网中心作为实验平台完成了实验。为了检查策略对储能寿命的影响,又将实验结果同以降低充电站负荷方差为目标的负荷优化策略得到的仿真结果进行比较。最后结果表明,这些策略具有良好的实时性与有效性,并在一定程度上可以降低储能系统电量的波动范围和充放电深度,有利于延长储能系统的寿命并减小充电站储能容量的再配置。
[Abstract]:The construction and development of rapid charging stations are regarded as one of the most important measures to develop and popularize electric vehicles. However, the charging load itself is intermittent and uncertain, so, The development of fast charging stations with energy storage system has gradually become a new research hotspot and direction. Therefore, in this paper, the energy management strategy for real-time optimization of the load of a fast charging station with energy storage system is studied in detail by taking the rapid charging station with energy storage system as the research object. The research steps are as follows: (1) the actual load characteristics of the rapid charging station are studied. According to the load characteristics of the rapid charging station, a load optimization strategy aimed at reducing the load variance of the charging station is established. Through real-time simulation, it is found that the strategy can improve the load characteristics of the charging station. However, the strategy not only does not take into account the economic benefits of charging station operation, but also needs to be improved in the real time aspect) considering the economic benefits of charging station operation and reducing the percentage of energy storage capacity and load fluctuation of charging station. The relationship between the percentage reduction of electricity purchase cost is studied. From the economic point of view of construction investment and operation upgrade of charging station, the relationship between energy storage capacity of charging station and basic capacity charge, expansion cost is considered. Finally, the application of energy storage system in rapid charging station is clarified. It is proposed that the optimal energy management strategy of the rapid charging station should be based on reducing load fluctuation and reducing the cost of power purchase. According to this principle, the optimal strategy of establishing optimal load deviation band and tracking it in real time is put forward. The real-time optimization strategy includes the immediate load reduction strategy without energy storage margin, the immediate load reduction strategy and its improvement strategy with energy storage margin, and the rolling optimization strategy with energy storage discharge depth. In the study of the above strategies, the corresponding mathematical models are established, the relevant optimization algorithms are studied, and the specific flow chart of the strategy is drawn. In order to carry on the preliminary theory demonstration to the proposed strategy, carries on the MATLAB programming simulation to the above strategy, and from the charge station load curve, the energy storage electricity quantity condition two angles, has established the different appraisal analysis index, through the appraisal and the analysis, In order to verify the real-time and effectiveness of the proposed strategy, based on the selected real-time optimal load management strategy, the relevant experiments and their specific steps are further designed. The experiment was completed on the platform of smart microgrid center. In order to examine the effect of the strategy on the energy storage life, the experimental results are compared with the simulation results obtained by the load optimization strategy aimed at reducing the load variance of the charging station. Finally, the results show that these strategies have good real-time and effectiveness, and can reduce the fluctuation range and charge / discharge depth of energy storage system to a certain extent. It can prolong the life of energy storage system and reduce the reconfiguration of energy storage capacity of charging station.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TM910.6;U491.8

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