穿越断层隧道结构地震动破坏机理与抗减震措施研究

发布时间：2018-05-10 07:42

本文选题：隧道工程 + 震害调查　；参考：《西南交通大学》2015年博士论文

【摘要】：隧道与地下结构拓展了人类的活动范围以及对三维空间的合理利用,逐渐成为经济发展、科技进步和现代文明的重要标志。然而,频繁发生的强烈地震与日新月异的隧道与地下结构之间形成了诸多矛盾。合理而巧妙的解决这个矛盾是论文研究的主旨。本文综合运用现场调查、理论分析、数值计算和模型试验等研究方法,全方位分类与总结跨断层隧道与地下结构的震害现象,以震害机理和影响因素为基础,归纳震后修复措施的经验研究抗减震措施。从隧道与地下结构的平面抗减震层和三维减震缝出发,建立基本的抗减震层效果计算模型和减震缝力学计算模型。基于传统抗减震措施研发新型跨断层抗减震措施,通过数值再现验证其合理性和先进性,进而开展跨断层隧道结构震害机理与控制措施的振动台试验,验证和总结以上研究。主要研究工作、结论和成果如下：(1)全面搜集世界范围内的隧道与地下结构震害工程实例。按照震害概况、震害形态、震害分级、震害机理、影响因素和修复措施6个方面分类归纳。深入分析不同国家隧道与地下结构震害的共性与个性以及研究学者的认知倾向与科研方向。根据震害概况和震害形态参考震害分级分析震害机理与影响因素,指导数值计算和模型试验的实施,实现震害现象的数值再现与试验再现,结合修复措施研究隧道结构的抗减震措施。(2)隧道结构横向的抗减震措施以抗减震层为基础进行拓展研究。将数值计算模型中影响抗减震层效果的因素分为几何与材料参数两类,并确定各参数的取值范围。以设置和未设抗减震层工况下隧道横断面内的弯矩极值之比的无量纲数评估抗减震层的作用效果,逐对研究各参数同该无量纲数的关系。最终建立抗减震层作用效果的计算模型。据此拓展研发作用效果与经济效益兼顾的新型抗减震措施,并通过数值计算验证。(3)隧道结构纵向的抗减震措施以减震缝为基础进行拓展研究。考虑实际情况下减震缝中存在填充物或者采用柔性连接的可能,建立隧道与地下结构减震缝的力学计算模型。根据该模型结合数值计算确定了单条减震缝沿纵向发挥极限作用时对应的断层极限宽度。提出根据断层宽度设置减震缝数量的方法。引入减震层形成复合抗减震措施,提出将抗减震措施与断层错位布置的设计新理念,抗减震效果得到了数值计算的验证。(4)基于以上研究开展隧道结构震害机理与控制措施的地震模拟振动台试验。研发出在单一振动台上固定单体模型箱情况下实现地震动力驱动断层错动的滑动装置。以跨断层的隧道模型不设置抗减震措施为参照,研究抗减震措施的效果。在隧道结构横断面方向与沿轴线的纵向,全面评估实施抗减震措施的效果,建立隧道与围岩模型损伤形态与破坏机理等的时程与空间演化规律,实现对理论分析和数值计算结果的充分验证。
[Abstract]:Tunnels and underground structures have expanded the scope of human activities and the rational use of three-dimensional space, gradually becoming an important symbol of economic development, scientific and technological progress and modern civilization. However, there are many contradictions between frequent strong earthquakes and changing tunnels and underground structures. A reasonable and ingenious solution to this contradiction is the gist of the thesis. In this paper, comprehensive application of field investigation, theoretical analysis, numerical calculation and model test is used to classify and summarize the earthquake damage phenomena of cross-fault tunnels and underground structures, based on earthquake damage mechanism and influencing factors. Summing up the experience of repairing measures after earthquake; Anti-shock mitigation measures. Based on the plane damping layer and three dimensional joint of the tunnel and underground structure, the basic model of the effect calculation and the mechanics model of the damping layer are established. Based on the traditional anti-seismic measures, a new type of anti-seismic measures for cross-fault is developed. The rationality and advanced nature of the measures are verified by numerical reappearance, and the shaking table tests of the mechanism and control measures of seismic damage of cross-fault tunnel structures are carried out, and the above studies are verified and summarized. The main research work, conclusions and results are as follows: 1) collecting the earthquake damage engineering examples of tunnels and underground structures all over the world. According to the general situation of earthquake damage, the form of earthquake damage, the classification of earthquake damage, the mechanism of earthquake damage, the influencing factors and repair measures are classified and summarized. The commonness and individuality of earthquake damage of tunnels and underground structures in different countries and the cognitive tendency and research direction of researchers are analyzed. According to the general situation of earthquake damage and the reference damage classification of earthquake damage form, the mechanism and influencing factors of earthquake damage are analyzed, the numerical calculation and the implementation of model test are guided to realize the numerical reappearance of earthquake damage phenomenon and the reappearance of test. Combined with repair measures to study the anti-seismic measures of tunnel structure. 2) the lateral anti-seismic measures of tunnel structure are developed based on the anti-seismic layer. In this paper, the factors affecting the effect of anti-seismic layer in the numerical calculation model are divided into two categories: geometry and material parameters, and the range of values of each parameter is determined. Based on the dimensionless number of the extreme value of bending moment in the cross-section of the tunnel under the condition of setting and not setting the anti-shock absorber layer, the effect of the anti-seismic layer is evaluated, and the relationship between the parameters and the dimensionless number is studied pair by pair. Finally, the calculation model of the effect of anti-seismic layer is established. Based on the research and development of the new anti-seismic measures, which take account of both the effect and the economic benefit, it is verified by numerical calculation that the longitudinal anti-seismic measures of the tunnel structure are developed on the basis of the damping joints. Considering the possibility of filling or flexible connection in the shock absorber joint, the mechanical calculation model of the joint between tunnel and underground structure is established. According to the model and numerical calculation, the fault limit width corresponding to the limit action of a single joint along the longitudinal direction is determined. The method of setting the number of damping joints according to the width of fault is put forward. A new design concept is put forward, which combines the anti-seismic measures with the misalignment of faults by introducing the composite anti-seismic measures into the damping layers. Based on the above research, the earthquake damage mechanism and control measures of tunnel structure are tested by seismic simulation shaking table test. A sliding device is developed to realize seismic dynamic fault dislocation under the condition of fixed single model box on a single shaking table. The effect of anti-seismic measures is studied by taking the tunnel model across faults without anti-seismic measures as the reference. In the longitudinal direction of cross section and along axis of tunnel structure, the effect of anti-seismic measures is comprehensively evaluated, and the time-history and spatial evolution laws of damage morphology and failure mechanism of tunnel and surrounding rock model are established. The results of theoretical analysis and numerical calculation are fully verified.
【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U452.28

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