车联网广播的MAC协议关键技术研究

发布时间：2018-05-10 18:08

本文选题：车联网 + MAC协议　；参考：《东华大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：车联网(Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks,VANETs),作为一种特殊的移动Ad-hoc网络(Mobile Ad-hoc Networks,MANETs),具有车辆行驶轨迹受道路限制、节点性能不作考虑等特点,将在下一代智能交通系统(Intelligent Transport System,ITS)中发挥至关重要的作用。在车联网所提供的各种服务中,保证紧急安全信息的交付工作将是一个极其重要的里程碑。驾驶员在利用更好的车联网通信技术快速、准确、及时地获取到特定的安全信息,迅速地了解到路况条件、车辆信息等,就能提前做出应对措施,从而有效减少交通事故的发生。因此,为车联网设计一种高效、稳定、快速的接入协议,不仅有利于车联网路由广播协议的实现,更有极其重要的未来价值和现实意义。本课题重点研究了车联网的接入协议,提出了一种自适应需求无信息包碰撞的服务车联网紧急安全消息的MAC接入协议(DAM协议),并描述了该类接入协议与其他现有协议在应用场景方面的动态切换接入设计。DAM协议在利用车联网主要特点和应用场景特性下,吸取借鉴了一些优秀的接入协议设计思想和设计原理。通过路边通信单元对申请阶段、信息阶段时隙的动态管理分配,DAM协议可以自适应地实现为有网络需求的车辆节点分配独占时隙;通过主从模式和TDMA机制,DAM协议可以避免携有紧急安全消息的信息包发生冲突碰撞。本论文研究的主要内容有:1.分析现有的车联网协议,深入了解网络理论和仿真原理。从接入协议的分类入手,了解各种表现优秀的接入协议的原理机制、特性及优缺点等,为本课题的协议研究奠定基石。2.根据实际交通环境抽象出不同的应用场景,提出基于应用场景的动态MAC接入设计,发挥不同接入协议的优势,规避其缺点和不足。3.根据性能衡量标准,在已有协议的基础上,针对其缺陷进行改进和设计,提出了一种自适应需求无信息包碰撞的接入协议。该接入协议能有效减少时延、降低冲突率。4.设计接入协议实验模型,完成仿真实验,收集仿真结果并进行性能分析。本文采用OPNET Modeler仿真平台进行内部系统的三层建模,对提出的接入协议进行模拟仿真,收集仿真结果,在相同环境下与其他接入协议进行对比分析。
[Abstract]:As a special mobile Ad-hoc network, the Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs), as a special mobile Ad-hoc network, will play an important role in the next generation of Intelligent Transport Systems (ITSs) because it has the characteristics that the vehicle track is restricted by the road and the performance of the nodes is not considered. The delivery of emergency security information will be an extremely important milestone in the various services provided by the car network. In the use of better vehicle networking communication technology to obtain specific safety information quickly, accurately, and in time, and to quickly understand road conditions and vehicle information, drivers can make early response measures. In order to effectively reduce the occurrence of traffic accidents. Therefore, designing an efficient, stable and fast access protocol for vehicle networking is not only conducive to the implementation of routing and broadcasting protocols for vehicle networking, but also of great value and practical significance in the future. In this paper, we focus on the research of the access protocol of vehicle networking. In this paper, we propose an adaptive MAC access protocol for emergency messages in service vehicle network without packet collision, and describe the dynamic switching access settings between this access protocol and other existing protocols in application scenarios. Under the main characteristics of vehicle networking and application scenarios, Draw lessons from some excellent access protocol design ideas and design principles. In the application phase of the roadside communication unit, the dynamic management and allocation of time slots in the information phase can be implemented adaptively to allocate exclusive time slots to vehicle nodes with network requirements. Through master-slave mode and TDMA mechanism, the dam protocol can avoid collision of packets with emergency security messages. The main content of this thesis is 1: 1. This paper analyzes the existing vehicle networking protocols and deeply understands the network theory and simulation principle. Starting with the classification of access protocols, we understand the principle, mechanism, characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of various kinds of excellent access protocols, and lay a foundation stone for the protocol research of this topic. According to the actual traffic environment, different application scenarios are abstracted, and a dynamic MAC access design based on the application scenario is proposed to give full play to the advantages of different access protocols and to avoid its shortcomings and shortcomings. According to the performance measurement standard and on the basis of the existing protocols, an adaptive access protocol with no packet collision is proposed to improve and design its defects. The access protocol can effectively reduce the delay and reduce the collision rate. Design the access protocol experiment model, complete the simulation experiment, collect the simulation results and analyze the performance. In this paper, the OPNET Modeler simulation platform is used to model the internal system. The proposed access protocol is simulated, the simulation results are collected and compared with other access protocols in the same environment.
【学位授予单位】：东华大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U495;TN929.5

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