青藏高速公路格拉段野生动物通道设计参数研究

发布时间：2018-05-14 04:09

  本文选题：环境工程 + 设计指标　； 参考：《公路交通科技》2017年09期

【摘要】：选择青藏铁路格拉段中小型桥梁和涵洞通道以及青藏公路藏羚通道桥,利用红外相机监测技术自2014年8月到2016年10月开展持续监测,重点分析适用于4种典型有蹄类动物(藏羚Pantholops hodgsonii、藏原羚Procapra picticaudata、藏野驴Equus kiang和野牦牛Bos mutus)穿越的通道设计参数,并提出配套设施设计等建议。结果显示:高度不低于5 m、开阔率不低于129的桥梁通道预计可以满足藏羚大规模迁徙的需要,但桥梁通道必须位于藏羚迁徙路线上;高度不低于3.5 m、长度不小于6 m、开阔率不低于4.2的桥涵通道可以满足非迁徙路段藏羚零散穿越的需要;藏原羚通道开阔率不低于4.2,长度不低于6 m,高度不低于4 m;藏野驴通道开阔率不低于4.2,长度不低于3 m,高度不低于2.5 m。研究还给出了野生动物通道配套设施设计的建议,包括警示标志、限速装置、声屏障、地形营造、植被恢复、人工水体和红外监测等;建议青藏高速公路设置上跨式动物通道和下穿式动物通道结合的组合式通道类型,最大程度降低高速公路对藏羚等野生动物的阻隔影响;未来在藏羚动物通道处,建议营造起伏地形以降低车辆视觉和噪声对藏羚穿越的干扰,设置水体和恢复原生植被以保持通道两侧栖息地的连通性,最大程度诱导藏羚利用动物通道;此外,严格限制野生动物通道周边的人为活动对于保障通道效率的发挥也很重要。
[Abstract]:The small and medium-sized bridges and culverts in the Gela section of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway and the Tibetan gazelle passageway bridges on the Qinghai-Tibet Highway are selected to carry out continuous monitoring from August 2014 to October 2016 using infrared camera monitoring technology. The passage design parameters suitable for four species of typical hoofed animals (Tibetan antelope Pantholops hodgsonii, Tibetan gazelle Procapra picticaudata, Tibetan wild donkey Equus kiang and wild yak Bos Mutusus) were analyzed in detail, and suggestions for supporting facilities design were put forward. The results show that the bridge passage with a height of more than 5 m and an open ratio of more than 129 can be expected to meet the needs of large-scale migration of Tibetan antelope, but the bridge passage must be located on the migration route of Tibetan antelope. The bridges and culverts with a height of not less than 3.5 m, a length of more than 6 m and an open ratio of not less than 4.2 can meet the needs of scattered crossing of Tibetan antelope in non-migratory sections. The open rate of Tibetan wildebeest is not less than 4.2, the length is not less than 6 mand the height is not less than 4 m.The open rate of Tibetan wild donkey is not less than 4.2, the length is not less than 3 mand the height is not less than 2.5 m. Suggestions for the design of supporting facilities for wildlife passageways are also given, including warning signs, speed limiting devices, sound barriers, terrain construction, vegetation restoration, artificial water bodies and infrared monitoring. It is suggested that the Qinghai-Xizang Expressway should set up a combined passage type, which combines the upper cross animal passage and the lower passage, in order to minimize the barrier effect of the highway to wild animals such as Tibetan antelope; in the future, it will be located at the Tibetan antelope animal corridor. It is suggested to create undulating terrain to reduce the disturbance of vehicle vision and noise to Tibetan antelope crossing, to set up water and restore native vegetation to maintain habitat connectivity on both sides of the passage, and to maximize the inducement of Tibetan antelope to use animal passage. Strict restrictions on human activities around wildlife corridors are also important to ensure the efficiency of the passage.
【作者单位】： 交通运输部科学研究院;西藏自治区公路局青藏公路分局;
【基金】：国家科技支撑计划项目(2014BAG05B06) 中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费项目(20150605) 交通运输部科技示范工程(2016002);交通运输部交通建设科技项目(2013 318 490 010)
【分类号】：U412.366
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本文编号：1886254