基于驾驶员视觉-生理特征的减速标线设计研究

发布时间：2018-05-18 02:22

本文选题：速度 + 视错觉　；参考：《重庆交通大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着我国道路交通事业的不断发展,公路通车里程不断增长,道路交通事故频繁发生,人的因素是引起交通事故的主要因素。根据有关研究资料表明,将近90%事故是由机动车驾驶人和行人造成的。分析驾驶行为可以发现,超速行驶是引起事故发生和使得事故严重程度增大的一个非常重要因素。因此,应该在事故多发路段设置有效的速度控制设施,降低车辆运行速度,从根本上减少由超速引发的事故,以提升道路交通安全水平。目前在我国应用比较广泛的控速设施有限速标志和各类强制性控速设施,这些减速设施有的限速效果较差,有的尽管能收到较好减速效果,但对行车舒适性影响较大,可能会影响车辆运行稳定性,且噪音大,工程造价高。利用人眼视错觉原理设计的减速标线,基于驾驶员心理特点,主动诱导驾驶员降低车速,控速效果较好,且具有造价低、寿命长、不降低行车舒适性、不产生噪音等优点,在国内外得到了广泛应用。但由于缺乏相应的规范或指南进行指导,现阶段往往凭经验设计施划视错觉减速标线,导致其在使用中出现了一些问题。本研究通过深入探究相关领域资料和研究成果,分析驾驶员的动态视觉特性及心理特性及其影响因素,在此基础上,首先提出一种新型的视错觉减速标线设计理念,并依据影响驾驶员速度感知和视觉信息的因素对其主要设计参数进行设计,并初步组合出11组不同参数的组合方案。为了保证实验时减速效果评价的可信度,并减少实际道路实验时不必要的工作量,首先选择20名被试驾驶员在仿真平台上对这些方案的效果进行仿真实验,从中选择出被试驾驶员认为减速效果较好的3组进行实际道路实验。本文共选择6名资深驾驶员,对优选的减速标线方案进行实际道路试验,试验过程中应用动态生理检测仪器采集驾驶员行车过程中的心率数据,并记录行车速度数据。以数理统计和数学建模等理论方法为基础,对位置与速度进行分析,验证减速标线的控速有效性,对位置与心率增长率进行分析,验证减速标线的控速安全性,并最终选择出最优参数组合的标线形式。研究成果可为道路管理和设施设计部门提供一定理论依据及参考。
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of road traffic in our country, the mileage of highway traffic is increasing, and road traffic accidents occur frequently. The human factor is the main factor causing traffic accidents. According to research data, nearly 90% of accidents are caused by motor vehicle drivers and pedestrians. By analyzing the driving behavior, it is found that speeding is a very important factor to cause accidents and increase the severity of accidents. Therefore, it is necessary to set up effective speed control facilities to reduce the speed of vehicles and to reduce accidents caused by speeding in order to improve the level of road traffic safety. At present, the speed control facilities which are widely used in our country have speed limit signs and various kinds of compulsory speed control facilities. Some of these deceleration facilities have poor speed limit effect, and some have a great impact on driving comfort, although they can receive better deceleration effect. May affect the stability of the vehicle operation, and noise, high engineering cost. Based on the psychological characteristics of the driver, the deceleration line designed by the principle of human visual illusion can actively induce the driver to reduce the speed, which has the advantages of low cost, long service life, no reduction of driving comfort, no noise, and so on. It has been widely used at home and abroad. However, due to the lack of relevant norms or guidelines for guidance, at the present stage, it is often based on experience to design the deceleration line of optical illusion, which leads to some problems in its use. In this study, the dynamic visual and psychological characteristics of drivers and their influencing factors are analyzed by deeply exploring the relevant field data and research results. On the basis of this, a new concept of optical illusion deceleration line design is put forward. The main design parameters are designed according to the factors that affect the driver's speed perception and visual information, and 11 groups of different parameter combination schemes are preliminarily combined. In order to ensure the reliability of the evaluation of the deceleration effect in the experiment and reduce the unnecessary workload in the actual road experiment, 20 drivers were selected to carry out the simulation experiments on the simulation platform. Three groups of drivers who thought the deceleration effect were better were selected to carry out the actual road experiments. In this paper, a total of 6 senior drivers are selected to carry out practical road tests on the selected deceleration line scheme. In the course of the test, the heart rate data of drivers are collected by using dynamic physiological testing instruments, and the driving speed data are recorded. On the basis of mathematical statistics and mathematical modeling and other theoretical methods, this paper analyzes the position and velocity, verifies the effectiveness of the speed control of the deceleration line, analyzes the position and the rate of growth of heart rate, and verifies the safety of the speed control of the deceleration line. Finally, the marking form of the optimal parameter combination is selected. The research results can provide certain theoretical basis and reference for road management and facility design department.
【学位授予单位】：重庆交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U491.52

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