草原公路三维线形诱导标志和减速标线组合对驾驶员视觉特性的影响

发布时间：2018-05-24 21:41

本文选题：交通安全 + 草原公路　；参考：《内蒙古农业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：内蒙古草原公路景观环境比较单调、交通量小,具有线形结构单一、平曲线半径大、纵坡小、直线距离长的特点,驾驶员在行车过程中会不自觉的产生加速行为,一旦遇到线形变化,诱导信息的不充分极易导致交通事故的发生。草原公路现采用的普通线形诱导标志难以满足正常行车时驾驶员的视觉刺激需要,诱导强度低,使得驾驶员来不及对前方线形变化做充足的心生理准备。本研究从改善现有的普通线形诱导标志的诱导效果出发,以典型的草原景观道路为研究对象,在模拟的草原公路行车场景中进行驾驶实验。首先设计具有三维立体感的线形诱导标志,通过定性和定量的分析方法得到适宜的基本属性设置,组合视错觉减速标线,并筛选不同线形条件下效果较佳的三维线形诱导标志和减速标线组合,对照普通线形诱导标志,分别分析驾驶员在三维线形诱导标志和减速标线组合场景和普通线形诱导标志场景下的眼动指标变化规律,为优化草原公路曲线段交通安全设施的铺设提供参考和建议,本文的研究结论如下:(1)通过层次分析法和驾驶员主观调查问卷分析,得出效果较佳、尺寸适宜的三维线形诱导标志图案颜色组合、三维效果方向、旋转角度和板面尺寸。分析并比较三维线形诱导标志和减速标线的筛选结果,分别得到三种三维线形诱导标志和三种视错觉减速标线的应用效果优劣次序。(2)将20名被试在普通线形诱导标志场景和标志标线组合场景中所有曲线段上的眼动指标数据平均,得到驾驶员眼动指标阈值,认为该阈值能够反映驾驶员在典型草原景观道路行车时眼动指标的整体变化幅度水平,即可定义为草原公路驾驶员正常驾驶状态下眼动指标变化的参照集中区间。(3)在300m、900m、1500m曲线段(包括左、右转),三维线形诱导标志和减速标线组合设置时驾驶员的整体注意力水平(瞳孔直径)均在普通线形诱导标志设置之上,平均认知水平(注视持续时间)均符合驾驶员的视觉合理性要求,其中,减速标线的应用效果较为突出。(4)驾驶员在不同半径大小、不同转弯方向的曲线段行驶时呈现不同的视觉特性和心生理状态。左转弯条件下,半径越小,驾驶员所需的认知努力较高,需要标志标线组合才能充分满足驾驶员的视觉诱导需要,半径越大,驾驶员在曲线段的行车心理压力较小,适当铺设减速标线即可有效改善交通安全;右转弯条件下,标志标线组合在所有曲线段均能满足驾驶员的视觉诱导需要,且符合眼动变化合理性要求,可根据实际需要合理选用。
[Abstract]:Inner Mongolia steppe highway landscape environment is relatively monotonous, the traffic volume is small, has the linear structure single, the plane curve radius is big, the longitudinal slope is small, the straight line distance is long, the driver will unconsciously produce the acceleration behavior in the driving process. Once the linear change is encountered, the insufficient inductive information can easily lead to traffic accidents. It is difficult to meet the needs of visual stimulation of drivers when driving normally, and the inductive intensity is low, which makes the drivers have no time to make sufficient psychological and physiological preparation for the linear changes in the front of the steppe highway. In order to improve the inductive effect of the existing linear guidance signs, the typical grassland landscape road was used as the research object, and the driving experiment was carried out in the simulated prairie road driving scene. First of all, the linear induction mark with three-dimensional sense is designed, and the suitable basic attribute setting is obtained by qualitative and quantitative analysis, and the deceleration mark of optical illusion is combined. Under different linear conditions, the better combination of 3D linear induction mark and deceleration mark was screened, and compared with the common linear induced mark, The change law of eye movement index of drivers under the combination scene of 3D linear guidance sign and deceleration mark and common linear guide sign scene is analyzed respectively, which provides reference and suggestions for optimizing the laying of traffic safety facilities in the curve section of grassland highway. The conclusions of this paper are as follows: (1) through the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and the subjective questionnaire analysis of the driver, it is found that the effect is better, the color combination of 3D linear inductive logo pattern, the direction of 3D effect, the rotation angle and the size of plate are obtained. To analyze and compare the screening results of 3D linear induced marks and deceleration marks, The order of application effect of three kinds of linear guide mark and three kinds of optical illusion deceleration mark were obtained respectively. The 20 subjects' eye movement index data on all the curve segments in the common linear inductive mark scene and the mark combination scene were averaged. The threshold value of driver's eye movement index is obtained, and it is considered that the threshold value can reflect the whole change level of the driver's eye movement index when driving on typical grassland landscape road. It can be defined as the reference concentration range of change of eye movement index under normal driving condition of steppe highway driver. Turning right, the overall attention level (pupil diameter) of the driver is above the common linear guide mark set when the combination of three dimensional linear induction sign and deceleration mark is set, the overall attention level (pupil diameter) of the driver is above the normal linear guide mark setting. The average cognitive level (fixation duration) met the visual rationality requirement of the driver, among which, the application effect of deceleration mark was more prominent. The curve segments with different turning directions show different visual characteristics and physiological state of mind. Under the condition of left turn, the smaller the radius is, the higher the cognitive effort of driver is, and the combination of marks and marks is needed to fully meet the needs of visual guidance of driver. The larger the radius, the smaller the psychological pressure of driver driving in the curve section. Under the condition of right turn, the combination of mark and mark in all curve sections can meet the needs of the driver's vision guidance, and meet the reasonable requirement of eye movement change. Can be reasonably selected according to the actual needs.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U491.25

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