基于CAM的城市中小学门口道路上下学交通流特性分析

发布时间：2018-05-25 02:10

本文选题：智能交通系统 + 中小学校门口道路　；参考：《河北工业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：很多中小学特别是位于老城区的,在上下学高峰时段,门口道路交通拥堵现象严重、交通安全问题突出,成为城市交通线、面拥堵的主要源点和交通管控的主要防止点,也是家长和社会十分关注的焦点。而造成这一现象的主要原因是包括小汽车、自行车、行人等多种交通方式的混行和局部交通供给和需求的矛盾。一些家长选择用私家车接送学生上下学,由于学校门口停车位有限,有的私家车甚至选择在机动车道上临时停车;大量学生和家长横穿马路,等等,使学校周边道路交通陷入拥堵、无序、混乱的状态,进而影响到整个城市道路交通。在理论方面,虽有部分中小学门口道路区段交通拥堵治理的研究,但仅是模型的治理措施定性建议,不涉及具体交通流模型及其机理特性分析,而已有的交通流模型特别是元胞自动机模型的研究尚未针对中小学门口道路区段。基于此,本文尝试建立一个受中小学上下学影响下学校门口道路区段的元胞自动机模型,对上下学期间的道路交通流特性进行了模拟仿真,为具体交通管理提供决策支持。主要工作可概括为以下几个方面:(1)在交通流对称型双车道(symmetric two-lane Nagel-Schreckenberg,STNS)元胞自动机模型基础上,建立一个针对上下学期间机动车行为特性和混合交通流组成的城市中小学门口道路元胞自动机模型,为城市中小学门口道路上下学交通流特性研究提供基本模型和基础平台,为校门口道路交通管理、控制,以及交通安全研究提供基础工具,为类似这样的问题如医院等的交通管控决策支持提供借鉴。(2)在已有交通流道路瓶颈、交织区和混合交通流研究的基础上,对上学期间的道路交通流特性进行了仿真。结合具体学校门口现状,对驾私家车送学生上学比例、乘校车上学比例和交警现场指挥对道路交通流的影响进行实验分析。结果表明大力推广校车政策,让更多的学生放弃乘私家车上学的习惯,并在上学高峰时段辅助以交警现场指挥,可以保证交通安全,从而达到抑制交通拥堵、减少车辆总通行时间、提高道路实际通行能力的目的。(3)研究基于元胞自动机模型的中小学放学期间学校门口道路交通流仿真问题。对放学期间的道路交通流特性进行了仿真。结合具体学校门口现状,对驾私家车接学生和乘校车学生比例、学校错峰放学对道路交通流的影响进行了仿真实验分析。结果表明倡导使用校车送学生放学回家这种绿色交通方式,呼吁学校方面选择合适的错峰放学时间,可在保证交通安全的前提下达到抑制交通拥堵的目的。
[Abstract]:Many primary and secondary schools, especially those located in the old urban areas, have serious traffic congestion at the entrance and traffic safety problems during the rush hours of the upper and lower schools. They have become the main sources of urban traffic lines, the main sources of congestion and the main prevention points for traffic control. It is also the focus of parents and society. The main causes of this phenomenon are the mixed transportation of cars, bicycles and pedestrians and the contradiction between local traffic supply and demand. Some parents choose to use private cars to transport their students to and from school. Due to the limited parking space in front of the school, some private cars even choose to stop temporarily in the motorway; a large number of students and parents cross the road, and so on. Make the traffic around the school into a state of congestion, disorder, chaos, and then affect the entire urban road traffic. In theory, although there are some studies on traffic congestion management in the entrance road section of primary and secondary schools, it is only the qualitative suggestion of the management measures of the model, and does not involve the analysis of the specific traffic flow model and its mechanism characteristics. However, the existing traffic flow models, especially the cellular automata model, have not been focused on the road sections at the entrance of primary and secondary schools. Based on this, this paper attempts to establish a cellular automata model of the school entrance road section under the influence of the upper and lower schools, and simulates the characteristics of the road traffic flow during the upper and lower schools to provide decision support for the specific traffic management. The main work can be summarized as follows: 1) on the basis of the cellular automata model of symmetric two-lane Nagel-Schreckenberg STNSs, A cellular automaton model of urban primary and secondary school entrance road cellular automata is established, which is based on the characteristics of motor vehicle behavior and mixed traffic flow in the upper and lower school period, which provides a basic model and basic platform for the study of the characteristics of the upper and lower school traffic flow in the entrance of the city primary and secondary schools. To provide basic tools for road traffic management, control, and traffic safety research at school gates, and to provide reference for traffic control decision support for such issues as hospitals, etc.) in existing traffic flow road bottlenecks, Based on the study of intertwined area and mixed traffic flow, the characteristics of road traffic flow during school period are simulated. According to the present situation of school entrance, the paper analyzes the effect of driving private car to send students to school, school bus to school and traffic police on the road traffic flow. The results show that by popularizing the school bus policy, making more students abandon the habit of taking private cars to school, and assisting the traffic police in the rush hour, the traffic safety can be guaranteed and the traffic congestion can be restrained. The purpose of reducing the total traffic time of vehicles and improving the actual capacity of roads is to study the simulation problem of road traffic flow at the entrance of primary and secondary schools during school hours based on cellular automata model. The characteristics of road traffic flow during school are simulated. Combined with the present situation of school entrance, the paper analyzes the effect of driving private car to pick up students and school bus students, and the influence of school failure peak to the road traffic flow. The results show that using school bus to send students home from school is a green mode of transportation, and calling on school to choose the right time for school to stop traffic jams can be achieved on the premise of ensuring traffic safety.
【学位授予单位】：河北工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U491.112

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