应急疏散交通网络集约化设计原理与方法

发布时间：2018-05-27 19:45

本文选题：应急疏散 + 交通网络　；参考：《东南大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来,全球各地各类应急事件频发,为降低灾害事件带来的负面影响,提高区域疏散效率,各地均制定了相应的应急疏散预案。应急疏散网络的集约化处理对于应急交通疏散预案的合理性与有效性有着重要影响。对应急疏散网络进行集约化处理,可以在保证其交通分配精度的前提下,降低计算时间,提高其运算效率。现阶段应急疏散网络集约化处理多以定性分析为主,缺乏定量模型计算,在应急条件下的适用性较差。因此,针对应急疏散条件下交通特点,建立适用于应急条件下的城市疏散网络集约化方法,对于应急疏散预案的有效实施有着重要的现实意义。本文以城市道路网络分级理论为基础,将疏散网络划分为应急疏散干路网络与应急疏散支路网络,针对各自网络特点并结合常用集约化方法的适用范围确定了应急疏散网络分层集约化的设计框架,即针对不同道路网络采用不同的集约化方法进行处理。应急疏散干路网络在疏散过程中起机动性作用,其网络结构的改变不利于相关交通组织策略的实施,因此基于干路提取法,建立以网络过饱和度最低为目标的应急干路网络集约化模型对其进行定量化集约处理；应急疏散支路网络在疏散过程中起可达性作用,应以尽快接入疏散干路网络、降低疏散时间成本为目标,因此本文采用网络抽象法对应急支路网络进行集约化处理。最后,本文以宁波市北仑区台风疏散为研究背景,对宁波市北仑区疏散道路网络进行集约化处理,并对集约化网络与原有网络交通分配结果进行对比,其结果表明,本文所提出的模型与方法在保证网络过饱和度与疏散成本变化不大的前提下能有效提高疏散交通分配的效率,为应急交通疏散预案提供较为合理的网络基础。
[Abstract]:In recent years, various kinds of emergency events occur frequently all over the world. In order to reduce the negative impact of disaster events and improve the efficiency of regional evacuation, the corresponding emergency evacuation plans have been formulated. The intensive processing of emergency evacuation network has an important influence on the rationality and effectiveness of emergency traffic evacuation plan. The intensive processing of emergency evacuation network can reduce the calculation time and improve the operation efficiency on the premise of ensuring the traffic distribution accuracy. At present, the intensive processing of emergency evacuation network is mainly based on qualitative analysis, lacking of quantitative model calculation, and the applicability of emergency evacuation network is poor. Therefore, according to the traffic characteristics of emergency evacuation, it is of great practical significance to establish an intensive method of urban evacuation network for emergency evacuation. Based on the classification theory of urban road network, this paper divides the evacuation network into emergency evacuation trunk road network and emergency evacuation branch road network. According to the characteristics of their respective networks and the scope of application of the commonly used intensive methods, the design framework of emergency evacuation network stratification and intensification is established, that is, different intensive methods are adopted to deal with different road networks. Emergency evacuation trunk road network plays a mobile role in the evacuation process, and the change of its network structure is not conducive to the implementation of relevant traffic organization strategy, so based on the method of trunk road extraction, An intensive model of emergency trunk road network with the lowest supersaturation is established to deal with it quantitatively and intensively, and the emergency evacuation branch network plays a reachable role in the evacuation process, and should be connected to the evacuation trunk network as soon as possible. The goal is to reduce the cost of evacuation time, so the network abstraction method is used to deal with the emergency branch network intensively. Finally, based on the background of typhoon evacuation in Beilun District of Ningbo City, this paper makes intensive processing of evacuation road network in Beilun District of Ningbo City, and compares the traffic distribution results of intensive network with that of the original network. The model and method proposed in this paper can effectively improve the efficiency of evacuation traffic allocation and provide a more reasonable network basis for emergency traffic evacuation plan on the premise of little change of network supersaturation and evacuation cost.
【学位授予单位】：东南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U491

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