面向换乘站点的灵活型公交微循环系统设计理论与方法研究

发布时间：2018-05-28 21:53

本文选题：公共交通 + 灵活型公交微循环系统　；参考：《山东大学》2015年博士论文

【摘要】：在城镇化和机动化的大背景下,城市交通的供需矛盾日益尖锐,已经成为我国城市发展中一个不容回避的现实问题和迫切问题。在这些现实背景和存在问题的逼迫下,优先发展公共交通已经成为符合我国城市和交通发展的正确战略之一。截止到目前,我国部分城市公共交通的发展虽然取得了不小的成就,然而,城市公共交通的出行分担率仍旧处在很低的水平。究其原因,除了与公共交通系统供需不平衡之间的矛盾有关,更重要的原因是在现有的公共交通供给水平下,公共交通系统一体化整合进程以及新型服务系统发展缓慢,使得已有及新建的多种公共交通方式之间无法有效衔接,从而引发城市公共交通的许多通病,严重制约了城市经济发展和居民出行环境。因此论文以常规公共交通接驳服务未能覆盖的盲点区域出行难问题为切入点,面向非集聚出行客流(如低密度客流地区、低运输需求时段)及特殊需求乘客,以满足乘客的个性化、弹性化需求为导向,探讨一种新型的贴切于实施应用现实环境的城市灵活型公交微循环系统设计理论与方法。以期在各类公共交通系统之间建立起有效衔接,改善整个城市公共交通系统的可达性、提高城市公共交通运输效率,促进城市综合公共交通运输体系的建立。首先,论文从机理解析层面,对灵活型公交微循环系统的内涵及其功能与特性进行界定,阐述灵活型公交微循环系统的关键设计参数及其获取方法,并给出该新型系统的规划设计流程和系统运营机理。其次,论文从决策分析层面,就该新型系统的意愿调查进行研究分析,利用统计分析理论对研究区域内居民对该新型系统的接受程度、关键参数的选择意愿、可承受的票价等进行研究,并就一些重点问题进行讨论并与国外类似调查进行对比分析。再次,论文从网络优化层面,从解析国内路网条件、居民出行特性及公共交通规划与运营实践入手,摒弃国外“矩形服务区域,均匀分布需求”的建构模式,针对国内大多数城市换乘站点尚未成网的现实情况,围绕换乘枢纽为中心,在其可能的最大乘客吸引半径之内的区域内,构建以“不规则服务区域、离散非聚集需求”为核心的基础网络,以最大化服务的需求数量决策目标,最小化运营者的运营成本为辅助决策目标的最优服务区域选择模型,为该类新型系统的规划运营提供决策支持。此外,文章还使用实际案例验证了上述模型与算法的有效性。最后,论文从系统运营层面,针对面向换乘站点的灵活型公交微循环系统的特殊需求和运营特性,在给定乘客需求和车队规模的条件下,基于圆形的服务区域提出了“多车大区,协调调度”的运营模式,同时以综合考虑出行者(包括最小化乘客等待接驳公交车时间与最小化乘客主线公交换乘时间)与运营者(最小化车辆运营时间)双方利益为优化目标,建立了灵活型接驳公交线路优化与协调调度同步优化模型。最后提出一种基于新型重力模型的启发式求解算法,并通过数值案例仿真验证了该模型与算法的有效性。论文的创新点包括：就灵活型公交微循环系统的系统特性进行了深入的探讨和剖析,提出了灵活型公交微循环系统规划设计所需考虑的主要因素和流程；随后基于国内“小区型”住宅开发特点、不规则路网以及支路网不发达等现实条件,分别建立了基于“不规则服务区域、离散非聚集需求”的最优服务区域选择模型和基于“多车大区,协调调度”运营模式的线路优化与协同调度模型,构建了一套完整的该类新型系统的系统规划设计及运营管理的研究体系。为了能够更加真实地反映现实世界的交通情况,本文构筑的该类新型系统的协调运营调度模型还有待在后续的研究工作中进行延伸和拓展。此外,开发出一套高效的运营管理系统也是后续研究的重要内容。
[Abstract]:Under the background of urbanization and motorization, the contradiction between supply and demand of urban traffic is becoming increasingly sharp, and it has become an unavoidable and urgent problem in the development of China's cities. Under these realistic backgrounds and existing problems, the priority of developing public transportation has become the correct strategy to meet the development of cities and traffic in our country. At present, although the development of public transport in some cities in China has made great achievements, however, the sharing rate of urban public transportation is still at a low level. The reason is that it is related to the imbalance between the supply and demand of the public transportation system, and the more important reason is the current level of public transport supply. The integration and integration process of public transportation system and the slow development of new service system make it impossible to effectively connect the existing and new public transport modes, thus causing many common diseases in urban public transportation and seriously restricting the urban economic development and the residents' travel environment. A new type of urban flexible public transport system, which is suitable for the implementation of the actual environment, is set up to meet the individualization of passengers and the demand of flexibility for the problem of travel difficulty in the blind spot area that can be covered by the non agglomeration travel passenger flow (such as low density passenger flow area, low transport demand period) and special demand passengers. In order to establish an effective link between the public transportation systems, improve the accessibility of the whole urban public transportation system, improve the efficiency of urban public transportation and promote the establishment of the urban comprehensive public transport system. Its function and characteristics are defined, the key design parameters and the method of obtaining the flexible public transport microcirculation system are expounded, and the planning and design process and the system operation mechanism of the new system are given. Secondly, the paper studies and analyzes the willingness investigation of the new system from the decision analysis level, and uses the statistical analysis theory to study the research area. The acceptance of the new system, the choice of key parameters, the price of the bearable ticket, and some key issues are discussed and compared with similar surveys abroad. Thirdly, from the network optimization level, the paper analyzes the conditions of the domestic road network, the characteristics of the residents' travel and the planning and operation of the public transportation. In practice, the construction mode of "rectangular service area and uniform distribution demand" is abandoned. In view of the fact that the transfer stations have not yet become a network in most of the cities in China, the construction of "irregular service area, discrete non aggregation demand" is built around the transfer hub as the center and the area where the maximum passenger attraction radius is possible. The core basic network, which aims at maximizing the number of service requirements, minimizes the optimal service area selection model of the operator's operating cost as a subsidiary decision goal, and provides decision support for the planning and operation of the new system. In addition, the effectiveness of the above models and algorithms is verified by the actual cases. Finally, the theory is discussed. From the system operation level, in view of the special needs and operating characteristics of the flexible bus microcirculation system oriented to the transfer station, the operation mode of "multi vehicle large area and coordinated scheduling" is proposed on the basis of the given passenger demand and fleet size, and the traveler (including minimization of passengers) is taken into consideration. At the end of this paper, a new heuristic algorithm based on a new gravity model is proposed, and a new heuristic algorithm based on a new gravity model is proposed. The case simulation validates the effectiveness of the model and the algorithm. The innovation points of the paper include: the system characteristics of the flexible public transport microcirculation system are deeply discussed and analyzed, and the main factors and processes to be considered in the planning and design of the flexible public transport microcirculation system are put forward. The optimal service area selection model based on "irregular service area, discrete non aggregation demand" and line optimization and cooperative scheduling model based on "multi vehicle large area and coordinated scheduling" operation mode are established respectively, and a set of complete set of new system is built. In order to reflect the real world traffic situation more realistically, the coordinated operation and scheduling model of this kind of new system is still to be extended and expanded in the follow-up research work. In addition, the development of a high efficiency operation management system is also a follow-up study. Content.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U491.17

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