城市区域交通的建模与优化研究

发布时间：2018-05-29 09:13

本文选题：区域交通优化 + 元胞传播模型　；参考：《郑州大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着现代城市的快速发展,居民出行对城市交通的要求有了越来越高的要求,而城市交通拥堵的存在却制约着城市的发展,使居民出行受到诸多不便。交通信号控制是对城市道路的瓶颈—交叉路口必不可少的交通控制手段,是提高交叉口通行效率的有效办法之一。所以为了确保交通网络的畅通和稳定,采取合理措施对城市交通信号配时进行优化具有重要的研究意义。本文对基于改进的NSGA-II算法的城市交通信号配时优化以及删边扩容在城市交通中的应用进行了研究,其工作内容如下:(1)论文在分析城市信号配时方法以及宏观、微观交通模型各自特点的基础上,对基于宏观流体动力学模型的元胞传播模型(CTM)进行分析和改进,使之更符合城市交通的特点,将微观的交通波理论和车辆跟驰模型与CTM模型结合起来,实现了优势的互补,并对单个交叉口模型进行了仿真,验证了模型的有效性,在此基础上建立了面向信号控制的城市区域交通模型。(2)在对遗传算法(GA)以及第二代非支配排序遗传算法(NSGA-II)各自的特点和步骤分析的基础上,对NSGA-II算法进行改进,应用算数交叉算子,加快了算法的收敛速度。将改进的NSGA-II算法应用到城市区域交通模型中,以车辆通过数最大和平均排队最小为优化目标,获得了城市交通信号控制配时的最佳方案,分别在本文所建立的城市区域交通模型和CORSIM交通仿真软件中进行仿真分析,结果表明该优化方法是有效可行的。(3)面对城市交通拥堵问题,将网络中的删边扩容思想引入到城市交通优化中,并给出了基于介数的具体删边扩容策略,计算每条道路的介数,按照删边比例删除介数较大的道路,改变部分车辆的行驶路径,从而优化城市交通状况,引入序参量的概念来表征城市交通的拥堵状况。仿真结果表明,该优化方法在不影响行驶长度的前提下对城市交通状况的改善是显著有效的的。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of modern cities, residents' travel requirements for urban traffic have become more and more high. However, the existence of urban traffic congestion restricts the development of the city, which makes residents travel more and more inconvenience. Traffic signal control is an indispensable means of traffic control for urban road bottleneck-intersection, and is one of the effective methods to improve the traffic efficiency of intersections. Therefore, in order to ensure the smooth and stable traffic network, it is of great significance to take reasonable measures to optimize the traffic signal timing. In this paper, the application of improved NSGA-II algorithm in urban traffic signal timing optimization and erasure expansion in urban traffic is studied. The main work is as follows: (1) in this paper, the method and macro of urban signal timing are analyzed. On the basis of the characteristics of micro traffic models, the cellular propagation model (CTM) based on macroscopic hydrodynamic model is analyzed and improved to make it more in line with the characteristics of urban traffic. The microscopic traffic wave theory, the car-following model and the CTM model are combined to realize the complementary advantages, and the simulation of the single intersection model is carried out to verify the validity of the model. Based on the analysis of the characteristics and steps of the genetic algorithm (GA) and the second generation non-dominant sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II), the NSGA-II algorithm is improved. The convergence rate of the algorithm is accelerated by using the arithmetic crossover operator. The improved NSGA-II algorithm is applied to the traffic model of urban area. The optimal scheme of traffic signal timing control is obtained by taking the maximum number of vehicles passing and the minimum average queue as the optimization targets. The simulation results in the urban area traffic model and CORSIM traffic simulation software show that the optimization method is effective and feasible to face the urban traffic congestion problem. In this paper, the idea of erasure expansion in network is introduced into urban traffic optimization, and the specific strategy of edge-deleted expansion based on medium is given, and the mediums of each road are calculated, and the larger ones are deleted according to the proportion of edge-deleted. In order to optimize the urban traffic conditions, the concept of order parameter is introduced to characterize the urban traffic congestion. The simulation results show that the proposed optimization method is effective in improving the urban traffic condition without affecting the driving length.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U491

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